Open Journal of Yangtze Gas and Oil, 2022, 7, 48-64 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ojogas ISSN Online: 2473-1900 ISSN Print: 2473-1889 DOI: 10.4236/ojogas.2022.71004 Jan. 6, 2022 48 Open Journal of Yangtze Gas and Oil Mud Volcano: Revealing the Stratigraphy of Kendeng Basin, Indonesia Ardian Novianto 1,2* , Sutanto 1 , Suharsono 2 , Carolus Prasetyadi 1 , Wahyu Hidayat 2 1 Geological Engineering Department, UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2 Geophysics Engineering Department, UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta, Indonesia Abstract The Kendeng Basin, the major depocenter of the East Java Basin, has been filled with deep-sea clastic volcanic deposits since the Middle Tertiary, which devel- oped into volcanic deposits in the Quaternary. With thick Quaternary volcanic deposits covering almost the entire basin, outcrops are only found in the north, forming a fold-thrust belt structure. The oldest known stratigraphic unit is the early Miocene Pelang Formation, which was deposited in the lower to the up- per bathyal zone. Rocks older than the Pelang Formation have not been identi- fied in this basin either from outcrops or drill-hole data. However, the geochem- ical analysis of oil seepage proves to be different because the oil source rock in Kendeng Basin was interpreted to be of older lithology than the Pelang Forma- tion, indicating a potentially older stratigraphic unit in the Kendeng Basin that has not been revealed to date. Mud volcanoes transported rock material from the Kendeng Basin to the surface, uncovering the stratigraphy that has been an enig- ma. The material in question includes Nummulites limestones, conglomerates, and quartz sandstones. Paleontological analysis results on rock fragments indicate that they belong to the Middle Eocene age, so they are older than the Pelang For- mation. Mud volcano also carried younger limestones to the surface identified as Miocene Age (equivalent with the Pelang Formation), which were deposited in a middle neritic environment, so they provided information that shallow areas pos- sibly formed a horst-graben structure during the Miocene in the Kendeng Basin. The appearance of Eocene and Miocene rock fragments can be used to comple- ment the stratigraphy and it also provides a potentially new concept of source- reservoir rock in the Kendeng Basin. Keywords Mud Volcano, Stratigraphy of Kendeng Basin, Eosen Sediment 1. Introduction The central East Java Basin, or known as the Kendeng Basin, spans in a west-east How to cite this paper: Novianto, A., Su- tanto, Suharsono, Prasetyadi, C. and Hidayat, W. (2022) Mud Volcano: Revealing the Stra- tigraphy of Kendeng Basin, Indonesia. Open Journal of Yangtze Gas and Oil, 7, 48-64. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojogas.2022.71004 Received: September 9, 2021 Accepted: January 3, 2022 Published: January 6, 2022 Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access