Original Article Survival and Potential Years of Life Lost After Hip Fracture in Men and Age-matched Women A. Trombetti 1 , F. Herrmann 2 , P. Hoffmeyer 3 , M. A. Schurch 1 , J. P. Bonjour 1 and R. Rizzoli 1 1 Division of Bone Diseases [WHO Collaborating Center for Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases], Department of Internal Medicine; 2 Department of Geriatrics; 3 Orthopedic Clinic, Department of Surgery; University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Abstract. Hip fracture is associated with a higher mortality rate in men than in women. However, mean age of men and women with hip fracture differs markedly. Thus, some of the differences in the clinical pattern and outcome between genders could be related to different ages. To avoid the influence of age on gender- specific outcome, we analyzed prefracture conditions and hip fracture outcome in a cohort of men and of age- matched women. Risk factors for low bone mass were recorded in 106 men (mean age Ô SD, 80.3 Ô 9.3 years) and 264 age-matched women (mean age 81.4 Ô 8.0) with hip fracture. We compared mortality rate, survival, years of potential life lost and modification of housing conditions. These outcomes were prospectively assessed during an average 3.6 years follow-up (up to 7 years). Men with hip fracture differed from age-matched hip- fractured women by a higher alcohol and tobacco consumption, a greater frequency of living in couple, and by less prevalent fractures. Mortality rate after hip fracture was significantly higher in men (RR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.34–2.24). Since mortality is higher in the general male population, we compared reduction in life expectancy taking into account the gender-specific mortality rate. The excess mortality in each age-group of hip-fractured patients, which was measured during the whole follow-up period, and is an estimate of death attributable to fracture, did not differ between genders. Reduction in life expectancy due to hip fracture was similar in both genders (5.9 Ô 4.5 and 5.8 Ô 4.8 years, in men and women, respectively; NS), but the proportion of the years of life lost was higher in men (70 Ô 33%) than in women (59 Ô 42%, p 5 0.01). It was concluded that for the same age, mortality rate after hip fracture was higher in men than in women. Although the reduction in life expectancy was similar in both genders, the proportion of the years of life lost was higher in men, suggesting a worse impact of hip fracture on survival in men, even after consideration of the higher mortality rate in the general male population. Keywords: Epidemiology; Mortality; Osteoporosis Introduction Osteoporosis has so far been considered a predominantly women’s disease. Indeed, only one out of three to five hip fractures occurs in men [1–3]. Several reasons could explain the lower age-adjusted hip fracture incidence in men: a higher bone mass at the end of the growth period, the absence of accelerated bone loss linked to menopause, and a shorter life expectancy. Among the complications of osteoporosis, hip fracture represents the most dramatic expression of the disease, in terms of morbidity, mortality and medical cost [4–7]. Many studies show that in the general population, mean age at the first hip fracture is usually younger in men than in women [4,11,12]. In a previous study, we found that mean age in men with hip fracture was six years lower than in women [12]. Mortality is nearly twice as high in men as in women due to a greater comorbidity [8–10]. Furthermore, it is well known that male life expectancy is shorter by approximately 7 years in the general population. Thus, we considered the null hypothesis to be the number of years lost, since the event that Osteoporos Int (2002) 13:731–737 ß 2002 International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation Osteoporosis International Correspondence and offprint requests to: R. Rizzoli, MD, Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva,1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. Tel: (+4122) 372 99 50. Fax: (+4122) 382 99 73. e-mail: Rene.Rizzoli@medecine.unige.ch