The Oxford Handbook of Grammaticalization Bernd Heine (ed.), Heiko Narrog (ed.) https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199586783.001.0001 Published: 2011 Online ISBN: 9780191743702 Print ISBN: 9780199586783 CHAPTER https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199586783.013.0021 Pages 263–278 Published: 18 September 2012 Abstract Keywords: grammaticalisation phenomena, non-standard English, grammaticalisation patterns, spontaneous spoken English, Anglophone world Subject: Sociolinguistics, Historical and Diachronic Linguistics, Linguistics Series: Oxford Handbooks CHAPTER 21 Grammaticalization in non‐standard varieties of English  Bernd Kortmann, Agnes Schneider This article deals with grammaticalisation phenomena in non-standard varieties of the English language which are not found in spontaneous spoken varieties of Standard English. It aims to identify the wide range of interesting grammaticalisation phenomena to be observed in the non-standard (including contact) varieties of English. It investigates whether there are markedly di|erent grammaticalisation patterns in spontaneous spoken non-standard varieties compared with what we know about (written and spoken) standard varieties of English and whether there are instances of grammaticalisation which operate on a global level in the Anglophone world. 1. Introduction This chapter's focus is on grammaticalization phenomena in non‐standard varieties of English which are not (or certainly not to the same degree) found in spontaneous spoken varieties of Standard English. Our overall aim is to draw a general, though by no means exhaustive, picture, and to point specically to the wide range of interesting grammaticalization phenomena to be observed in the non‐standard (including contact) varieties of English (and, no doubt, other languages). The basic assumption underlying the present chapter is this: spoken language is the primary motor of language change, and thus we take spoken language to be the natural habitat for most grammaticalization processes. This applies to rst signs and traces of grammaticalization and/or to higher degrees of grammaticalization compared with the corresponding processes observable in written language. Major questions to be addressed include the following. Are there markedly di|erent grammaticalization patterns in spontaneous spoken non‐standard varieties compared with what we know about (written and spoken) standard varieties of English? Are there instances of grammaticalization which operate on a global level in the Anglophone world, i.e. qualify as ‘angloversals’ (cf. Szmrecsanyi and Kortmann 2009 on the concept of and candidates for angloversals)? In which domains of non‐standard grammars, in particular, can we observe such processes? Do di|erent variety types (e.g. traditional, typically low‐contact L1 dialects vs. high‐contact L1 varieties vs. pidgins and creoles) display di|erences, or at least di|erent preferences, concerning grammaticalization patterns, such as variety‐type specic sources and targets, the nature (internal vs. contact‐induced grammaticalization) or degrees of grammaticalization (e.g. rather early vs. p. 264 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/28198/chapter/213145745 by Universitäts-Frauenklinik user on 14 December 2022