Stoma Edu J. 2021;8(2): pISSN 2360-2406; eISSN 2502-0285
www.stomaeduj.com
106-112
Original Articles
ORTHODONTICS
CONE BEAM TOMOGRAPHY AND PANORAMIC
RADIOGRAPHY IN LOCALIZATION OF IMPACTED
MAXILLARY CANINE AND DETECTION OF ROOT
RESORPTION
Seden Akan
1a*
, Husamettin Oktay
2b
1
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Altınbaș University, Bakırköy / İstanbul, Turkey
2
Department of Orthodontics, İstanbul Medipol University Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul, Turkey
a
DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor; e-mail: sedenakandt@hotmail.com; ORCIDiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7955-3086
b
DDS, PhD, Professor; e-mail: hoktay@medipol.edu.tr; ORCIDiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7862-2983
OPEN ACCESS This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
Peer-Reviewed Article
Citation: Akan S, Oktay H. Cone beam tomography and panoramic radiography in localization of impacted maxillary canine and detection of root
resorption.Stoma Edu J. 2021;8(2):106-112.
Received: December 18, 2020; Revised: January 10, 2021; Accepted: January 21, 2021; Published: January 25, 2021
*Corresponding author: Dr. Seden Akan; Altınbaş Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Zuhuratbaba Mahallesi, İncirli Caddesi, No:11-A 34147 Bakırköy,
İstanbul, Turkey.
Tel/Fax: 0090535 5113760; e-mail: sedenakandt@hotmail.com
Copyright: © 2021 the Editorial Council for the Stomatology Edu Journal.
Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate cases of impacted maxillary canines (IMC) using cone
beam tomography (CBCT) and panoramic images in an attempt to assess if panoramic radiographs can
provide information compatible with CBCT results regarding canine position and root resorption.
Methodology Fifty-six impacted maxillary canines from 48 patients were radiographically evaluated. The
positions of the canine teeth were classifed by Sector localization on panoramic radiographs and the same
teeth were also analyzed by KPG on CBCT. Root resorptions in maxillary lateral incisors were also evaluated
on CBCT. The relationships between panoramic and CBCT fndings were compared by Chi-square test and
Fischer’s exact test.
Results Statistically signifcant correlations were found between panoramic Sectors and KPG indexes
(p<0.001). KPG index values of 1, 3 and 4 corresponded to the panoramic Sectors 1, 4 and 5, respectively;
but KPG index 2 matched the panoramic Sectors 3 and more often 2. Mid-alveolar impaction generally
coincided with score 1 for both KPG index and panoramic Sector. In palatally IMC, this score value was
generally 2 or 3 for the KPG index and 4 for the panoramic Sector (p≤0.001). Root resorptions in maxillary
lateral incisors showed signifcant diferences according to Sector localization and KPG index (p<0.05),
namely they coincided with 2 and 3 in Sector evaluation and 2, 3 and 4 in KPG index.
Conclusions Sector location on OPG is found to be related to KPG index on CBCT, and it can help evaluate
mainly certain positions of impacted canines; thus, unnecessary CBCT scans are not requested.
ABSTRACT
Impacted Canine; KPG Index; Radiography Dental; Digital Radiography Panoramic; Sector Classifcation.
1. INTRODUCTION
Maxillary canines play important roles in facial
esthetics, dental arch development, and oral
cavity functions. Non-erupted maxillary canines are
relatively common because these teeth develop
deep within the maxilla and follow a longer path
to erupt into the oral cavity when compared to
other teeth [1]. An impacted tooth can be defned
as the tooth that has failed to erupt into the proper
position in the dental arch within the normal
period of growth, and maxillary canines are the most
common teeth sufering from impaction except
third molars. The prevalence of their impaction ran-
ges from 1% to 3% in the general population [2-4].
The determination of impacted canine positions
is critical for the planning of orthodontic-surgical
treatment. The panoramic radiographic evaluation
is the most common clinical approach used by or-
thodontists for this procedure. It should be known,
however, that panoramic radiographs have some
limitations in evaluating the labiopalatal positions
of impacted canines [5]. In addition, it is difcult
to localize and determine the root resorptions of
adjacent teeth with this radiographic method
because of the superimposition of the related
structures, leading to a difculty in distinguishing
many signifcant details [6].
Many studies have been carried out to overcome these
shortcomings regarding panoramic radiographic
KEYWORDS
https://doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2020.8(2).art.3
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