IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676. Volume 8, Issue 1 (Sep. – Oct. 2013), PP 01-04 www.iosrjournals.org www.iosrjournals.org 1 | Page Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Bacteria from Selected Hospitals in Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria 1 Temitope Olowokere, * 1 Mutiu A. Alabi, 2 Bamidele S. Fagbohunka, 1 Rita M. Sunday, 1 Ekundayo T. Salami, 1 Folake Osanaiye, 1 Johnson F. Afolabi and 1 Taiwo Otunla 1 Molecular Biology/Bioinformatics Unit, Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Ogbomosho, Nigeria 2 Biochemistry Department, Obafemi Awolowo College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria Abstract: In recent times, there has been an astronomical increase in the cases of bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics by medical personnel in Akungba Akoko,Ondo State,Nigeria.It is just right for a study of this nature to be carried out in order to provide the important microbiological pieces of information to help medical practitioners to tackle this menance.Bacteria were isolated from inanimate object in hospitals in Ondo State which include: General Hospital, Iwaro-Oka; Reva Clinic, Akungba Akoko; University Health Centre, Akungba Akoko; and Comprehensive Health Centre, Akungba Akoko. In this study seven organism were isolated, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Aeruginosa sp, Klebsiella sp, Bacillus sp and Escherichia coli. All these organisms were identified based on their morphology and biochemical characteristics. The incidence of Staphylococcusaureus (34.8%) was found to be dominant out of the gram- positive bacteria isolated. The incidence of E. coli (44.4%) was found dominant out of the gram-negative bacteria isolated. Of the 70 isolates recovered, 43 (61.4%) were gram-positive while 27 (38.6%) were gram- negative. Multiple resistances were recorded against antibiotics used in this study. This study reveals that staphylococci, streptococci, bacillus, pseudomonas and enterbacteriaceae are predominant organism associated with inanimate object in hospitals. Effective hospital control and aseptic precaution will help reduce the incidence. Keywords: bacteria, hospital, antibiotics, inanimate objects, antimicrobial. I. Introduction Antibiotics are antimicrobial agent produce by microorganism; they could be better described as any chemical of natural origin (i.e. from any type of cell) which can prevent the growth of other types of cell [1]. They are low molecular weight (non-protein) molecules produced as secondary metabolites mainly by microorganisms that live in the soil. Most of these organisms form spores or other forms of dominant cells, which may have some relationship between antibiotics production and the process of sporolation. The major mechanisms of resistance involve the introduction of mutation in genes encoding penicillin-binding protein and as reported, that selective pressure in thought to play an important role and the use of beta-lactam antibiotics has been implicated as risk factor for infection and colonization Streptococcus [2]. The β-lactam antibiotic of structural analogue of the D-alanyl-D-alanine and of the peptidoglycan strand, in the cell there are as many as seven enzymes (depending on the bacteria sp) which bind peptidoglycan unit via their D-alanyl-D-alanine residues. Enzyme binding β-lactam antibiotic are known as penicillin-binding protein [3,4,5]. Several medically important antibiotic s own their selective antimicrobial action to a specific attack on the 70s ribosome of bacteria with mammalian 80s ribosome left unaffected. Those that act on the 30s ribosomes are nitrofuran, gentamycin, streptomycin and neomycin while antibiotics that act on the 50s protein of the ribosome include, chloramphenicol, lincomycin, clidamycin, erythromycin and the inhibitor of metabolic pathways via competitive antagonism [6,7]. Antibiotic sensitivity is a term use to describe susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is usually carried out to determine while antibiotic will be most successful in treating a bacterial infection in vivo. Testing for the antimicrobial sensitivity is often done by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique [8]. A clear ring or zone of inhibition is seen around the water indicating poor growth if the bacteria are sensitive to antibiotics [6,9]. Antibiotic resistance involve naturally via natural selection acting upon random mutation [10]. The study is aimed at determining the incidence of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria isolate and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the bacterial isolated.