Please cite this article in press as: Patel, S. G., et al. War-exposed newcomer adolescent immigrants
facing daily life stressors in the United States. International Journal of Intercultural Relations (2017),
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2017.03.002
ARTICLE IN PRESS
G Model
IJIR-1242; No. of Pages 12
International Journal of Intercultural Relations xxx (2017) xxx–xxx
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
International Journal of Intercultural Relations
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijintrel
War-exposed newcomer adolescent immigrants facing daily
life stressors in the United States
Sita G. Patel
a,*
, Anna H. Staudenmeyer
a
, Robert Wickham
a
, William M.
Firmender
a
, Laurie Fields
b
, Alisa B. Miller
c,d
a
Palo Alto University, 1791 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94301, United States
b
University of California, San Francisco, United States
c
Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Mail Stop BCH 3199, Boston, MA 02115, United States
d
Harvard Medical School, United States
a r t i c l e i n f o
Available online xxx
Keywords:
Youth
Acculturative stress
War exposure
Academic achievement
Resiliency
Immigrant/refugee experience
a b s t r a c t
For adolescents new to the United States, the experience of war and acculturative stressors
may play complex roles during early stages of adjustment to a new culture and country. The
overall purpose of this study was to deepen understanding of the experiences of adoles-
cents who are new to the United States, also called “newcomers”, through the examination
of pre-migration war exposure and post-migration acculturative stressors as predictors
of psychosocial adjustment and academic achievement. The study sample included new-
comer immigrant and refugee youth (N = 184) with an average of 3.5 years in the United
States. Triangulated data were collected from youth, teachers, and official school records.
Results indicated that the participants who were exposed to war (N = 57) experienced more
self-reported and teacher-reported anxiety, more self-reported conduct problems, and had
lower academic achievement than participants who had not been exposed to war. Accul-
turative stressors also predicted more self-reported anxiety, conduct problems, and lower
academic achievement, but only for those adolescents without war exposure, suggesting
that exposure to traumatic events like war may change newcomer adolescents’ response
to acculturative stressors. This may be related to the development of coping or growth
that follows after trauma, which enable youth to navigate other life challenges. Under-
standing potential risk and resilience associated with war exposure among newly arrived
students can assist clinicians, educators, and researchers in creating solutions to difficulties
in psychosocial adjustment and academic performance.
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Introduction
The focus of this paper is on how war exposure and acculturative stressors impact psychosocial adjustment among new-
comer immigrant adolescents living in the United States. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR) almost 65.3 million people were forcibly displaced worldwide as a result of persecution, conflict, generalized vio-
lence, or human rights violations by the end of 2015 (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees [UNHCR], 2016).
*
Corresponding author at: Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States.
E-mail addresses: spatel@paloaltou.edu (S.G. Patel), astaudenmeyer@paloaltou.edu (A.H. Staudenmeyer), rwickham@paloaltou.edu (R. Wickham),
wfirmender@paloaltou.edu (W.M. Firmender), laurie.fields@ucsf.edu (L. Fields), alisa.miller@childrens.harvard.edu (A.B. Miller).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2017.03.002
0147-1767/© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.