Research Article Open Access Volume 5 • Issue 5 • 1000306 J Environ Anal Toxicol ISSN: 2161-0525 JEAT, an open access journal Open Access Research Article Priyadharsini et al., J Environ Anal Toxicol 2015, 5:5 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000306 *Corresponding author: Priyadharsini S, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar- 608 002, Tamilnadu, India, Tel: 91-4144-238-796; Email: priyamano.zoo@gmail.com Received November 01, 2014; Accepted June 16, 2015; Published June 21, 2015 Citation: Priyadharsini S, Manoharan J, Varadharajan D, Subramaniyan A (2015) Neuroprotective Effects of Pterois volitans Venom against Alcohol Induced Oxidative Dysfunction in Rats. J Environ Anal Toxicol 5: 306. doi:10.4172/2161- 0525.1000306 Copyright: © 2015 Priyadharsini S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Neuroprotective Effects of Pterois volitans Venom against Alcohol Induced Oxidative Dysfunction in Rats Priyadharsini S 1 *, Manoharan J 2 , Varadharajan D 2 and Subramaniyan A 1 1 Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar- 608 002, India 2 Faculty of Marine Sciences, Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai- 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India Keywords: P. volitans; Venomous sting; Neuroprotective efcacy; Histopathology Introduction In the industrial world people are having some kind of problem which may be largely man-made and iatrogenic in origin. Still, we ignore and dismiss their growing incidence to factors which we assume are not preventable. Alcohol abuse is one of the major problems in Indian continent and is responsible for a signifcant percentage of hospital admission. Ethanol molecule is small and soluble in both water and lipids. It permeates all tissues of the body and afects most vital functions of virtually all organs including brain, liver, kidney, heart and pancreas [1]. Metabolism of alcohol leads to the generation of free radicals and the chain reaction of lipid peroxidation that causes damage to the brain and other vital organs. Terefore inhibition of free radical generation is important in providing protection against hepatic damage. Toxicity due to the alcohol consumption in the body leads to the changes in the main organs, especially the brain. Te morbidity and mortality rate of heavy alcohol drinkers have since been reported to have reached 6.1% [2]. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the most serious results of chronic alcohol abuse in the world [3,4] have reported that the factors that mediate the occurrence of ALD are acetaldehyde, oxidative stress, hypoxia, immune response and membrane alterations. Antioxidants play a signifcant role in protecting living organism from the toxic efect of various chemicals by preventing free radical formation [5]. Now a days, alcohol produces various dysfunctions in the human being. A number of fsh has venomous sting, including the family Scorpaenidae. Venomous species are only a few [6], as people consider it for edible. Due to venom extracts storing have some technical difculties [7], the source of marine organisms especially fsh, remain a largely unused source of novel compounds. Te piscine venoms are efective on the cardiovascular systems and mostly all the piscine venoms produce profound cardiovascular changes. Generally, the piscine venom has diferent components even though the similarities exist between the responses to the venoms of all species of fsh. Numerous fsh venom has been examined for activity in rats. Te oxidative stress is involved in many diseases and reactive oxygen species can be useful for immune system which might cure diseases. Terefore, these species still represent sources of pharmacological compounds that may be useful as research tools or lead compounds for drugs, and as such, their pharmacological actions have been the focus of recent work [8,9]. Venom is delivered when the spine pierces the tissue of the victim, the integumentary sheath enclosing the spine and venom is ruptured, and the venom enters the wound [10,11]. Marine toxins represent a vast source of novel pharmacological compounds that may prove useful either as research tools or therapeutic agents [12]. Te venom of the greater Weever fsh Trachinus draco contains high concentrations of both histamine and catecholamine’s, and possesses cholinesterase activity [13]. Te venom of the stingray Urobatix halleri contains 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-nucleotidase and phosphodiesterase [14]. Te venom of all three species of stonefsh Synanceia trachynis, S. horrida and S. verrucosa contain catecholamines [15], as well as a variety of enzymatic activities [16]. In addition, the venoms of the stonefsh S. trachynis, the lionfsh P. volitans and the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon motoro are believed to contain either acetylcholine or a cholinomimetic [9,17]. Hence, in the present study, attempts to evaluate the toxicity of lionfsh P. volitans administered to rats and the incidence of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity are made. Materials and Methods Specimens of P. volitans (Figure 1) were obtained from the local aquarium, killed (by cooling), and the venomous spines were removed and stored in 10% glycerol solution at -80°C. Te spines were thawed and ground in a chilled mortar and pestle in 10% glycerol solution. Te suspension was then centrifuged (7000 g, 10 mins) the supernatant removed, the pellet resuspended again in approximately 1 ml of 10% glycerol and recentrifuged. Te fnal supernatants were pooled, assayed for protein concentration using a Bio-Rad Dc protein assay kit, and adjusted to a concentration of 1mg/ml protein, before being aliquoted and stored at -20°C until use and the venom was prepared as described by [11]. Te protein was estimated by [18]. Te concentration was adjusted to 1 mg/ml; aliquoted and stored at -20°C until use. Abstract The P. volitans generally is an edible fsh, it protein are considered to be a source of food for human and the venom use for the development of new drugs. Pharmacological character of its venom were characterised during the study period. The lionfsh venom shows the neuroprotective effcacy in alcohol intoxicated albino rat brain. These fndings are further confrmed by histopathological observations. Therefore, the lionfsh venom could be used as a neuroprotective agent. Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology J o u r n a l o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l & A n a l y t i c a l T o x i c o l o g y ISSN: 2161-0525