International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2017, 7, 91-111
http://www.scirp.org/journal/ijaa
ISSN Online: 2161-4725
ISSN Print: 2161-4717
Periodic Orbits of the First Kind in the
Autonomous Four-body Problem
with the Case of Collision
M. R. Hassan
1
, Md. Aminul Hassan
2
, Payal Singh
3
, Vinay Kumar
4
, R. R. Thapa
5
1
Department of Mathematics, S. M. College, T. M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, India
2
GTE, Bangalore, India
3
Research Scholar, T. M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, India
4
Department of Mathematics, Zakir Hussain College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
5
Department of Mathematics, P. G. Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, Nepal
Abstract
In this manuscript, the existence of periodic orbits of collision of the first kind
has been discussed on the model of Autonomous Four-body Problem by the
method of analytic continuation given by Giacaglia [1] and Bhatnagar [2] [3].
For the existence of periodic orbits, Duboshin’s criterion [4] has been satisfied
and it has been confirmed by analyzing the Poincare surfaces of section (PSS)
[5]. Also it has been shown that the case of collision given by Levi-Civita [6]
[7] is conserved by the method analytic continuation. In all sections of this
manuscript, equilateral triangular configuration given by Ceccaroni and Biggs
[8] has been considered. In this model, third primary of inferior mass (in
comparison of the other primaries) is placed at the equilibrium point
4
L of
the R3BP.
Keywords
Autonomous Four-Body Problem, Regularization, Periodicity, Poincare Surfaces
of Section, Collision Orbit, Zero Velocity Curves
1. Introduction
We know that the four most popular methods of proving the existence of peri-
odic orbits are:
(i) the method of analytic continuation,
(ii) the process of equating Fourier coefficients of equal frequencies,
(iii) the application of fixed point theorem given by Poincare,
How to cite this paper: Hassan, M.R.,
Hassan, Md. A., Singh, P., Kumar, V. and
Thapa, R.R. (2017) Periodic Orbits of the
First Kind in the Autonomous Four-body
Problem with the Case of Collision. Inter-
national Journal of Astronomy and Astro-
physics, 7, 91-111.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ijaa.2017.72008
Received: April 1, 2017
Accepted: June 9, 2017
Published: June 12, 2017
Copyright © 2017 by authors and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access
DOI: 10.4236/ijaa.2017.72008 June 12, 2017