ICARUS 60, 409-415 (1984)
Evidence for Material between Saturn's A and F Rings from the
Voyager 2 Photopolarimeter Experiment
A. L. GRAPS, A. L. LANE, AND L. J. HORN
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109
AND
K. E. SIMMONS
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
Received January 6, 1984; revised July 6, 1984
The region in the Saturn system between the F ring and the outer edge of the A ring is an area that
appears, in images from the imaging experiment, to be virtually devoid of material except for three
small satellites. Near the orbit of 1980S28, Atlas--the innermost satellite--the Voyager Photopo-
larimeter Stellar Occultation data show a discontinuity in count rate which marks a boundary
between the tenuous material near the outer edge of the A ring and the orbit of Atlas. The data
pertaining to this region have been examined with the aid of statistics and models generated from
other similar ring structures. It is concluded that the discontinuity is real, implying the existence of
tenuous material of normal optical depth of 0.01 to 0.006 in this region. © 1984Academic Press.Inc.
INTRODUCTION
The Voyager 1 and 2 Saturn encounters
revealed the Saturn ring system as a dy-
namic and complex structure. Many theo-
ries have successfully explained the more
obvious features in the rings, such as the
resonant forcing of ring particles by Sat-
urn's moons to generate gaps and excite
spiral density waves (Goldreich and Tre-
maine, 1978; Cuzzi et al., 1981). The less
obvious features are still being found in the
immense data sets resulting from the Saturn
encounters.
The Voyager 2 Photopolarimeter Stellar
Occultation Experiment provided a single
continuous cut through the entire ring sys-
tem with an extremely fine radial resolu-
tion. It is from this data set that we report
our findings on the region between the A
and the F rings.
DESCRIPTION OF STELLAR OCCULTATION
EXPERIMENT
The Voyager 2 Stellar Occultation Ex-
periment took place on August 25-26, 1981
409
UT, during Voyager 2's closest approach to
Saturn. Observations of the BOV-type star,
6-Scorpii, were made by the Photopolarim-
eter Subsystem (PPS) as the star was oc-
culted by Saturn's rings. The PPS moni-
tored the starlight as it emerged from
behind Saturn's darkened disk and traveled
through the shadowed portion of the D, C,
B, A, and F rings. Data were acquired usinog
the PPS 1 ° circular aperture, the 2640-A
filter (300 A full width at half-maximum),
and the 45° linear polarizer (Lillie et al.,
1977). The instrument recorded the star
brightness and thus the ring opacity at 10-
msec intervals, with successive data points
separated by a radial distance of approxi-
mately I00 m (Lane et al., 1982).
The PPS instrument has a very fast f/l
optical system but suffers from poor rejec-
tion of light emanating from off the viewing
axis (light from Saturn itself and nonsha-
dowed rings, in this case) (Esposito et al.,
1983). Since this off-axis light comes from a
large region, and thus changes very slowly,
we could make a reasonable estimate of this
source and remove its contribution. (This
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