Composites in Construction 2005 – Third International Conference, Hamelin et al (eds) © 2005 ISBN xxxxx
Lyon, France, July 11 – 13, 2005
1
REPORT ON THE STUDIES OF GFRP DURABILITY IN CONCRETE FROM
FIELD DEMONSTRATION STRUCTURES
A.A. Mufti, M. Onofrei, B. Benmokrane, N. Banthia, M. Boulfiza, J. P. Newhook,
B. Bakht, G. Tadros, P. Brett
ISIS Canada, University of Manitoba
Agricultural & Civil Engineering Building, Room A250 – 96 Dafoe Road,
Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada R3T 2N2
muftia@cc.umanitoba.ca
ABSTRACT: In 2004, ISIS Canada studied the durability of GFRP in concrete by removing concrete
cores containing GFRP from five Canadian field demonstration structures built during the last 5 to 8
years. Three teams working independently at several Canadian universities used a variety of
analytical methods to (a) investigate whether or not the GFRP in concrete field structures had been
attacked by alkali, and (b) compare the composition of GFRP removed from in-service structures to
that of control specimens, which were saved from the projects and not exposed to the concrete
environment. The analytical results have confirmed that the GFRP in concrete has not suffered any
discernible damage during the last five to eight years. As a result of this study, the Technical
Subcommittee of Fibre Reinforced Structures of the CHBDC has recommended that GFRP can now
be used as primary reinforcement and prestressing tendons in concrete structures. The paper reports
on the findings of the durability study conducted by the ISIS Canada Research Network.
1. INTRODUCTION
Recently, Professor U. Meier reviewed the activities of ISIS Canada [1]; he recommended that
Canada, having invested significantly in innovative concrete structures with GFRP, should study the
durability of GFRP in concrete. Following his advice, ISIS Canada initiated in 2004 a project, in which
concrete cores containing GFRP were removed from five Canadian structures, and analyzed the
GFRP for its composition at a micro level. Since previous simulated studies of the durability of GFRP
in concrete [e.g., 2,3] had indicated that GFRP is not stable in the alkaline environment of concrete,
the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC) [4] restricted the use of GFRP as only
secondary reinforcement. It has been argued in [5] that the simulated tests, whether accelerated or
non-accelerated, were conducted in an alkaline environment, which is likely to be different from the
concrete environment found in field structures. The objective of the study described in this paper was
to provide data on the performance of GFRP in several Canadian concrete demonstration structures
built during the past five to eight years. The paper reports on the findings of the durability study
conducted by the ISIS Canada Research Network. The names of the authors are those of the project
team that conducted the study with the President of the ISIS Canada Research Network as the project
leader.
2. ANALYTICAL STUDIES
Five field demonstration projects were chosen for the study under consideration, these being the Hall's
Harbor Wharf, the Joffre Bridge, the Chatham Bridge, the Crowchild Trail Bridge, and the Waterloo
Creek Bridge; these structures, exposed to a wide range of environmental conditions, are well