Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (OM AN Chapter) Vol. 2, No.1; Aug 2012 125 A Comparison of Learning Processes and Practices between Manufacturing and Services Sectors of Pakistan Aqsa Rasheed 1 , Qamar Ali 2 , Sabeen Masood 3, Mian Mudassar Shah 4 1 (MS Scholar, National University of Modern Languages, Pakistan) 2 (Department of Business Administration, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan) 3 (Department of Commerce, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan) 4 (MS Scholar, National University of Modern Languages, Pakistan) ABSTRACT : The objective of this study was to examine the extent of concrete learning processes and practices in manufacturing and services sectors of Pakistan. On the other hand, this study also compares the degrees of concrete learning processes and practices in these two sectors. Five essential factors relating to concrete learning processes and practices were studied. These factors included twenty nine variables for which Mean were calculated. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the information from respondents. Arithmetic Mean, reliability and factor analysis were applied on data by using SPSS. Results revealed that there was a need to improve the ways of concrete learning processes and practices in both sectors i.e. manufacturing and services. There was no significant discrepancy between scores gained by both sectors. So, it can be derived that the level of concrete learning processes and practices is almost same in both sectors and needs improvement. Keywords - Learning organization, Concrete learning processes and practices, Manufacturing Sector, Services sector, information transfer, experimentation I. INTRODUCTION The only thing which is permanent in the life of an organization is change. Change is a continuous process which has to be adopted by the organizations to meet the competition. If the competitors are ahead in formulation and implementation of change, then, the organization will face failure or decline in market share. In rapidly changing environment, to meet the competition, an organization should be a learning organization. Not only the knowledge management is necessary but individuals also must be prepared to adopt the changes to be a learning organization. In third world countries like Pakistan, the majority of the institutions are suffering because individuals are not organized to accept the new stuffs because of their critical move towards the institute. Learning organization is defined by different scholars. “Learning organization is an organization where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free, and where people are continually learning to see the whole together” (P. M. Senge, 1993). There are five disciplines for learning organization. (1) There should be continuous clarification and deepening of thoughts through personal mastery. (2) Everyone should get out of one’s own paradigm and mental model to accept and inculcate the change into one's behavior. (3) There should be a shared vision and people should excel and learn not because they told so but because they want to. (4) Team learning is the basic thing to create synergy in the organization. (5) System thinking is base for all of four disciplines mentioned above. There should be systematic change (P. M. Senge, 1993). "A learning organization is an organization skilled at creating, acquiring and transferring knowledge; and at modifying behavior to reflect new knowledge and insight" (Garvin, 1985). He emphasized on five modules for learning organization. (1) Systematic problem solving (2)