984 ISSN 1064-2307, Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International, 2007, Vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 984–1000. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2007. Original Russian Text © V.I. Lukyanov, O.A. Maksakova, I.S. Men’shikov, O.R. Men’shikova, O.V. Sen’ko, A.N. Chaban, 2007, published in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Teoriya i Sistemy Upravleniya, 2007, No. 6, pp. 150–166. INTRODUCTION The goal of this paper is to analyze the influence of psychophysical factors on the process of economical decisions made by an individual. Traditionally, in the operation research it is assumed that the decision-mak- ing process can be formalized as an optimization prob- lem, which has to be solved. A psychological type of the decision-making person (the DMP) and his/her cur- rent condition are not taken into account. The situation becomes more complicated if there are uncontrolled factors, since the attitude of the DMP to the risk has to be simulated. Here we have to apply the physiology of decision making. In spite of yearly investigations in this field, starting from the classical von Neumann and Morgenstern utility function that allows defining the relation of preference on the set of lotteries, and up to the modern approach of Kahneman-Tversky (the Pros- pect Theory), a universal model of attitude of an indi- vidual to the risk while taking economical decisions has not been created. The situation becomes more compli- cated if there are several participants of an economic situation. In spite of the success of the game theory, it is clear that the game theory can give unambiguous rec- ommendations on the decision making only in particu- lar simple cases. The same can be said about the models based on the notion of the Walras–Arrow–Debreu com- petitive equilibrium. Thus, in a typical economic situa- tion the decision has to be taken for a limited time, and the optimal decision does not exist or there is no time for searching it. What to do? An individual has to use his nature, but not only the rationality. We would like to study how different people do this. A method of experimental economics gives great opportunities for investigating this problem. This method consists in creating an economic situation under controlled laboratory conditions. Usually, in the laboratory, a market is constructed by using a computer network. The participants are invited and all rules are explained; the financial motivation is announced to them that is the conventional amount of money gained on the laboratory market. This money is paid to each participant in a real currency at the preconditioned cur- rency rate. Sometimes the financial motivation is sub- stituted by the educational one, the gained money are converted into the points based on which the given grade is determined. Financial motivation gives better results, but it requires much experimental expenses. For determination of a psychological type, all participants pass as a minimum two complementary psychological tests before starting the experiment. In the process of the experiment the functional condition of each partic- ipant is estimated by the kinetography method. For this purpose special stabilographic chairs are used. The sig- nals from all chairs are collected at the central computer of the experiment dispatcher who controls the labora- tory market from the neighbor computer. At the end, after each experiment we have three groups of data: (1) the results of psychological testing, (2) the second-by-second record of all economic actions of each participant, (3) the data from the chairs (with the 50 times per second frequency). It is clear that on this stage we can hardly count on creating an exact model of human behavior in the eco- nomic decision making. Most likely, we can hope on discovering regularities based on the analysis of heter- ogeneous experimental data using the well elaborated methods of processing. This program of investigations CONTROL IN ORGANIZATIONAL AND SOCIAL-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS Functional Condition and Efficiency of the Participants of Laboratory Market V. I. Lukyanov c , O. A. Maksakova c , I. S. Men’shikov a , O. R. Men’shikova b , O. V. Sen’ko a , and A. N. Chaban b a Dorodnicyn Computing Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 40, Moscow, 119991 Russia b Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii per. 9, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow oblast, 141700 Russia c Burdenko Scientific Research Institute of Neurosurgery, 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya 16, Moscow, 125047 Russia Received May 24, 2007 Abstract—A method of analysis of the human factor influence in a market-type decentralized management system is proposed. The method is based on the study of economic situation created under controlled laboratory conditions. A relation of the efficiency of decisions made by the participants of laboratory markets to their psy- chological type and to their functional condition measured during the experiment by using special equipment is established. DOI: 10.1134/S1064230707060111