PROCEEDINGS OF THE
AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY
Volume 49, Number 1, May 1975
CONVERGENCE OF AVERAGES OF POINT TRANSFORMATIONS
M. A. AKCOGLU 'aNDA. DEL JUNCO
Let (X, J, p) be a finite measure space. An invertible transformation
of X which is measure preserving in both directions is called an automor-
phism of X. Birkhoff's Ergodic Theorem states that if T is an automorphism
of X then the sequence
-^-r Z fir'x)
n + 1 ""^
¿=0
converges a.e. for each f £ L. = L,(X, J, p). This raises the following
question. What are the necessary conditions on the matrix (a .) so that the
sequence / (x) =Lfl -f(r~lx) converges a.e. for each / £ L, and for each
automorphism r? The answer is not known. Spectral considerations would
suggest, however, the following conjecture. If (a .) is such that the sequence
of functions p (z) = X a .z~* is uniformly bounded and pointwise convergent
on the unit circle \z\ = 1, then / converges a.e. In fact, recently an at-
tempt has been made to prove this as a theorem [l]. In this note we would
like to observe the following simple fact which shows that this conjecture
is far from being correct.
If r is a real number, let [r] denote the greatest integer which is less
than or equal to r. Define a matrix (a .), n = 1, 2, • • •, as
1 . r . ,
if ?2 < i < L\n] + n,
a .
ni
tyn] + 1
0 otherwise
Then the a . certainly satisfy the hypotheses of the conjecture. However,
we have the following result.
Proposition. // r is an ergodic automorphism of a probability space
(X, 3", p), then there is a set E such that there is a set B of positive
measure on which X .a .yF(r~'x) fails to converge.
Received by the editors July 23, 1974.
AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 28A65, 47A35.
1 Research supported by NRC Grant A3974.
Copyright © 1975. American Mathematical Society
265
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