International Journal of Swarm Intelligence Research, 1(3), 51-66, July-September 2010 51
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Keywords: Congestion, Deregulation, Evolutionary Programming, Optimal Power Flow, Particle Swarm
Optimization and Hybrid PSO Techniques, System Security
InTrOducTIOn
Deregulation is a new paradigm in the electric
power industry. The goal of deregulation is to
enhance competition and bring consumer’s new
choices and economic benefits. Power system
security, congestion management, power qual-
ity and power regulations are major concepts
that draw the attention of power researchers in
deregulated surroundings. In deregulated elec-
tricity market, most of the time power system
operates near its rated capacity as each player
congestion Management
using hybrid Particle Swarm
Optimization Technique
Sujatha Balaraman, Government College of Engineering, India
N. Kamaraj, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, India
ABSTrAcT
This paper proposes the Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO) method for solving congestion manage-
ment problems in a pool based electricity market. Congestion may occur due to lack of coordination between
generation and transmission utilities or as a result of unexpected contingencies. In the proposed method, the
control strategies to limit line loading to the security limits are by means of minimum adjustments in generations
from the initial market clearing values. Embedding Evolutionary Programming (EP) technique in Particle
Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm improves the global searching capability of PSO and also prevents
the premature convergence in local minima. A number of functional operating constraints, such as branch
fow limits and load bus voltage magnitude limits are included as penalties in the ftness function. Numerical
results on three test systems namely modifed IEEE 14 Bus, IEEE 30 Bus and IEEE 118 Bus systems are pre-
sented and the results are compared with PSO and EP approaches in order to demonstrate its performance.
in the market is trying to gain as much as pos-
sible by full utilization of existing resources.
Congestion in the transmission lines is one of
the technical problems that appear particularly
in the deregulated environment. Congestion
management methods reported in literature
are as follows.
OPF based congestion management is pro-
posed in (Alfredo, Cuello-reyna, & Jose, 2005)
using differential evolution as an optimization
tool. (Conejo, Milano, & Garcia-Bertrand,
2006) addressed congestion management using
classical approach considering voltage stabil-
ity. Congestion management based on multi
DOI: 10.4018/jsir.2010070104