13 VOL. 79, NO. 1, SPRING 2020
Human Organization, Vol. 79, No. 1, 2020
Copyright © 2020 by the Society for Applied Anthropology
0018-7259/20/010013-11
Introduction
F
ood insecurity refers to having limited or uncertain
access to adequate amounts of safe and nutritious
foods (USDA 2018). Experiencing food insecurity has
negative impacts on one’s health and well-being, including
increased risks for chronic diseases, obesity, and mental
health disorders (Hadley and Crooks 2012). However, food
insecurity is especially consequential for adolescents ages
eleven to eighteen years. Adolescence is a critical time of
physical and cognitive growth within the life course. It is
essential that teens receive an adequate diet and appropriate
nutrition in order to develop and mature properly and avoid
future long-term health consequences. Despite the sensitivity
of the demographic to food insecurity, food-insecure teens
remain an understudied population. While there is a growing
body of literature focusing on the effects of food insecurity,
there has been little research concentrating specifcally on
Mecca Burris is a Ph.D. student in the Department of Anthropology at
Indiana University. Her research interests broadly include food inse-
curity, nutrition, life history theory, adolescence, and food policy. She
would like to acknowledge the local Juvenile Welfare Board, community
organizations, and teens for their assistance and participation in this
project. Sarah Bradley is a Ph.D. candidate, at the University of South
Florida Department of Anthropology; Kayla Rykiel is a Community
Health Fellow at Project Horseshoe Farm in Greensboro, Alabama;
David Himmelgreen is Professor and Chair in the Department of An-
thropology at the University of South Florida.
Teen Food Insecurity:
Finding Solutions through the Voices of Teens
Mecca Burris, Sarah Bradley, Kayla Rykiel, and David Himmelgreen
Teens are vulnerable to food insecurity for both biological and social reasons. This study aimed to better understand the factors
that underpin teen food insecurity and the coping strategies teens employ when faced with limited food access and hunger.
A sociodemographic survey including the USDA’s Self-Administered Food Security Survey Module for Children Ages 12
Years and Older, focus groups, and photovoice were used to collect data on the demographics, food insecurity prevalence, and
experiences of food insecurity among thirty-eight teens from fve different communities in Tampa Bay, Florida. Results showed
that approximately 44 percent of teens were food insecure. Factors that associated with food insecurity included: (1) negative
perceptions of food quality, food options, school administration, food waste, and food assistance utilization; (2) school and
programming issues including the timing of meals, portion sizes, and regulations associated with food and access; (3) stigma and
bullying; and (4) socioeconomics. Teens relied on their communities (e.g., friends, churches), illegal activities (e.g., stealing),
cheap and unhealthy foods, jobs, or their teachers to cope with food insecurity. The fndings highlight signifcant opportunities
for food security interventions that target the unique nutritional needs and social experiences of adolescents. The study was
funded by the county Juvenile Welfare Board.
Key words: food insecurity, adolescence, teens, school nutrition, photovoice, competitive foods, applied anthropology
the prevalence of teen food insecurity and the experiences
of food-insecure teens.
Food insecurity can cause poor health outcomes stem-
ming from both overnutrition, undernutrition, and micronutri-
ent defciencies in teens (Cook and Frank 2008). Malnutrition
stemming from food insecurity during childhood can result in
lowered immunity, growth stunting, early or delayed puberty,
and heightened risks for adult-onset diseases such as type 2
diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension (CDPH
2015; Cook and Frank 2008; Locher et al. 2005). In addi-
tion, food insecurity is associated with mental stress such as
worry and anxiety surrounding food, socioeconomics, and,
especially among adolescents, fear of judgment from others
(Connell et al. 2005). Approximately 12 percent of households
in the United States are food insecure, and 4.5 percent of
households have very low food security (Coleman-Jensen et
al. 2018). United States households with children tend to be
at an even higher risk of food insecurity, with nearly 16 per-
cent of households currently food insecure (Coleman-Jensen
et al. 2018). Furthermore, research shows that households
with older children have higher rates of food insecurity
(Nord 2009; Ralston et al. 2017). In 2015, food insecurity
was more than twice as prevalent among households with
teens compared to households with children four years or
younger (Ralston et al. 2017) This disproportion may be due
to the fact that younger children are buffered against food
insecurity and hunger by adults or older siblings more often
than older children (Nord 2009). In addition, families with
children fve years or younger can receive assistance from the