ON LINE CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR DISINFECTION SYSTEMS:
SUCCESS AND FAILURE
Edmund A. Kobylinski, Gary L. Hunter, Andrew R. Shaw
Black & Veatch
8400 Ward Parkway
Kansas City, Missouri 64114
ABSTRACT
There are many levels of automation for control of chlorination systems. To select the best
control approach for a facility, both control strategies and chlorination chemistry must be
understood. Permit conditions including organism concentrations and operating data must also be
fully identified. Many States require compliance with organism concentrations, as well as
residual chlorine and disinfection byproduct concentrations.
Breakpoint chlorination chemistry will play a role in most disinfection systems. This paper
discusses combining on-line monitoring and automated control with chlorine chemistry to
develop several levels of process control that will result in effective disinfection. Another factor
must be considered while developing a process control strategy is disinfection byproduct
formation. Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in wastewater effluent are being regulated and the
limits being imposed are much stricter than SDWA standards. Data from a recent disinfection
study is presented to examine DBP formation and other selected chemical properties.
KEYWORDS
Breakpoint Chlorination, On-line Analyzers, Flow-paced Control
INTRODUCTION
Many attempts have been made to automate chlorine-based disinfection systems. Two basic
problems are always encountered when controlling chlorination systems: the lag time inherent in
the feedback control of plug flow systems and interpreting the impacts of chlorine chemistry on
process control. Until these two issues are properly addressed in the control system logic, the
control system will have serious limitations and may be more trouble to operate than the money
spent to install the equipment.
Strict nutrient limits are forcing many chlorine disinfection systems to vacillate between
monochloramines and free chlorine. Both will effectively disinfect a wastewater, but each has its
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