Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews eISSN: 2395-6518, Vol 8, No 1, 2020, pp 78-84 https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8113 78 |www.hssr.in © Briandana et al. FILM TRANSFORMATIONS FROM ANALOG TO DIGITAL: A CASE STUDY OF FILM RESTORATION IN INDONESIA Rizki Briandana 1* , Nindyta Aisyah Dwityas 2 , Bambang Joko Priyono 3 , Salsabilla Audinna 4 1,2,3 Universitas Mercu Buana, Jakarta, Indonesia, 4 Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia. Email: 1* rizki.briandana@mercubuana.ac.id, 2 nindyta.aisyah@mercubuana.ac.id, 3 bambang_jp@mercubuana.ac.id, 4 salsabillaudinna@gmail.com Article History: Received on 20 th August 2019, Revised on 19 th November 2019, Published on 16 th January 2020 Abstract Purpose of the study: The purpose of this research is to analyze how the innovations are done in the film restoration process because each celluloid film has a different character. Methodology: Methodology in this research is a case study by using data collecting technique of interview and observation. Main Findings: The research results obtained that the film restoration process is able to meet the standardization of broadcast-quality on television. Applications of this study: Primary data in the research comes from an interview with six informants. Each of the informants is a practitioner who is engaged in film restoration, from the production manager, head of the restoration, head of the film laboratory, film scanning, and film editor. Novelty/Originality of this study: The digitalization is an innovation that has to be developed to save films and documentaries with high historical values so that each generation can learn and know the history of events that had occurred in the past. Keywords: Film Transformations, Restoration, Analog, Digital, Innovation. INTRODUCTION The development of cinema has brought many changes, not only in daily life but also in changing the point of view for those who witness it (O’Connell, 2010 ). The old films that are in the process of making them went through many processes and were associated with celluloid film (Larry, Rosenberg, & Uhler, 1980 ). Today’s technology in the cinema has changed in many viewpoints, especially the social world (Dixon & Zonn, 2004) . The social world and the film can be said to be close to each other because without any social or historical issues that occur then the resulting film also does not exist. Many of the current Indonesian films are not far away from an issue and history (Briandana & Dwityas, 2018 ). This is because the historical value of a movie is very important. In other countries like Malaysia and Singapore, they are willing to spend more money to make a film that has historical values (Setijadi-Dunn & Barker, 2010 ). In Indonesia, there is a problem in storing old film materials in the forms of celluloid(Barker, 2011). First is the way of storing film materials that require the room temperature that must be adjusted with the materials of the film. Second is the climate of a country which can also damage film tapes so that storing the materials of the film must be adapted to the characteristics of the existing celluloid film tapes (Setijadi-Dunn & Barker, 2010 ). The emergence of computer technology in the 1970s brought changes not only in the world of the manufacturing industry but almost in every system of the world economy (Cave, 2008). Intended in the development of television broadcasting which originally television can only be broadcast with frequency signals but now television can be broadcast with digital waves or what is also called Bit. Bit waves are actually low-frequency waves or what is known as the digital frequency wide-band radio frequency spectrum band is 1: 6 (Wallmüller, 2007 ). The current technological developments solve the problem of storing celluloid film tapes. On August 11, 2010, the process of digitizing the old films was conducted for the movie "Tiga Dara" (1956). This film becomes a public spotlight especially in Indonesia because this film is shown with 4K-movie format (4096 x 3112 pixels per frame).In the process of collecting the "Tiga Dara" film tape material, the film tape is damaged by the parasite mushrooms, the shrinkage of size and the tear of film tape. The "Tiga Dara" movie restoration process takes up to 17 months and costs up to 260 euros for the restoration process from material preservation to digital restoration. Through this data, the researcher wants to explain how an analog and digital process can also run on the process of digitizing the film, which is then broadcast through digital waves on pay television. The definition of analog in film transformation is how a celluloid tape or tape is cleaned and has undergone a process of checking material whether there is significant damage to each part of the shoot or known as Preservation (Flueckiger, 2012) . While the definition of digital transformation film explains how each material that has been cleaned and physically checked is then scanned for subsequent restoration processes with the aim of simulating damage to the celluloid film band so that the celluloid film tape that has undergone the scanning process can be repaired (Wallmüller, 2007 ). The digitization process is also known