Research Article Impact of MMP-9 Genetic Polymorphism and Concentration on the Development of Coronary Artery Disease in Ukrainian Population Oksana S. Pogorielova , 1 Viktoriia V. Korniienko , 2 Yaroslav D. Chumachenko , 3 Olha A. Obukhova , 4 Igor Martsovenko, 5 and Viktoriia Yu. Harbuzova 3 1 Department of Internal Medicine with Center of Respiratory Medicine, Sumy State University, Sumy 40007, Ukraine 2 Biomedical Research Center, Sumy State University, Sumy 40018, Ukraine 3 Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Studies, Sumy State University, Sumy 40007, Ukraine 4 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology with Medical Biology Course, Sumy State University, Sumy 40018, Ukraine 5 Municipal Non-Profit Enterprise of Sumy Regional Council “Sumy Regional Cardiological Clinic”, Sumy 40030, Ukraine Correspondence should be addressed to Oksana S. Pogorielova; o.s.pogorielova@gmail.com Received 15 January 2022; Revised 18 February 2022; Accepted 22 March 2022; Published 11 April 2022 Academic Editor: Jiacheng Sun Copyright © 2022 Oksana S. Pogorielova et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of death in Europe. It is known that atherosclerosis is the primary risk factor of CAD development. MMP-9 is involved in all stages of atherosclerosis and thus may contribute to CAD emergence. To investigate the influence of MMP-9 on the (CAD) development 25 patients with intact coronary arteries (CA), 40 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and 63 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) were enrolled in the study. Real-time PCR was carried out for genotyping on the rs17567-polymorphic locus, and ELISA study was performed to measure the MMP-9 plasma concentration. It was found the lower risk of MI occurrence for AG-carriers (P a � 0.023; OR a � 0.299, 95% CI � 0.106–0.848) in Ukrainian population. 1. Introduction Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the main causes of death in European countries. To illustrate the sharp contrast between Eastern and Western Europe, the authors of the third edition of statistics on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in European countries cite the example of Ukraine, where mortality from CAD among men under age 65 is 14 times higher and among women of the same age, it is 25 times higher than in men and women in France [1]. Atherosclerosis is characterized by a complex multi- factorial pathophysiology that is the major cause of CAD [2]. is process starts with the accumulation of lipids, smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, cell apoptosis, necrosis, and fibrosis [3]. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) form a family of zinc-dependent enzymes with proteolytic activity against connective tissue proteins such as collagen, pro- teoglycans, and elastin. MMPs plays a key role in all stages of atherosclerosis through vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, SMC migration, proliferation, and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), increase of intima- media thickness, vascular calcification, extracellular matrix degradation, and promotion of endothelial cell apoptosis. MMPs participate in oxidative modification, low density lipoprotein effect, plaque activation, and destabilization [4–6]. Hypoxia and inflammation in the lesion can induce plaque neovascularization [7]. ese pathological micro- vessels are more prone to rupture [8]. Plaque rupture or erosion may induce thrombus formation, leading to myo- cardial infarction or ischemic stroke [9]. Ruptured plaques are characterized by a large lipid-rich core, a thin fibrous cap that contains few SMCs and many macrophages, Hindawi Cardiology Research and Practice Volume 2022, Article ID 2067632, 8 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2067632