The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2021, Vol. 106, No. 6, e2423–e2433
doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab099
Clinical Research Article
ISSN Print 0021-972X ISSN Online 1945-7197
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https://academic.oup.com/jcem e2423
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Clinical Research Article
Autonomous Cortisol Secretion Infuences
Psychopathological Symptoms in Patients With
Primary Aldosteronism
Pauline Gendreitzig,
1,2
Heike E. Künzel,
3
Christian Adolf,
3
Laura Handgriff,
3
Lisa Müller,
3
Finn Holler,
3
Lisa Sturm,
3
Daniel A. Heinrich,
3
Martin Reincke,
3
and Marcus Quinkler
1
1
Endokrinologie in Charlottenburg, Endokrinologie Praxis am Stuttgarter Platz, Berlin, Germany;
2
Charité -
Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin
Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10117 Berlin, Germany; and
3
Medizinische Klinik
und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
ORCiD numbers: 0000-0002-9206-0953 (C. Adolf); 0000-0002-9817-9875 (M. Reincke); 0000-0003-4028-1671 (M. Quinkler).
Abbreviations: ACS, autonomous cortisol cosecretion; ADX, unilateral adrenalectomy; ARR, aldosterone to renin ratio;
BAS, bilateral aldosterone secretion; BP, blood pressure; DST, dexamethasone suppression test; GAD-7, 7-item Generalized
Anxiety Disorder Scale; LNSC, late-night salivary cortisol; MR, mineralocorticoid receptor; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor
antagonist; PA, primary aldosteronism; PHQD, Patient Health Questionnaire; QoL, quality of life; SF-12, 12-item Short-Form
Health Survey; UAS, unilateral aldosterone secretion; UFC, urinary free cortisol
Received: 9 January 2021; Editorial Decision: 10 February 2021; First Published Online: 17 February 2021; Corrected and
Typeset: 17 April 2021.
Abstract
Context: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is associated with impaired quality of life (QoL).
Autonomous cortisol cosecretion (ACS) is a relevant phenotype of PA, which could
contribute to depression and anxiety disorders. This has not been investigated so far.
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in PA patients according
to ACS.
Methods: We performed testing for hypercortisolism and evaluated anxiety, depression
and QoL by self-rating questionnaires in newly diagnosed PA patients of the German
Conn’s Registry; 298 patients were reevaluated at follow-up.
Results: In the overall cohort, scores for anxiety (P < .001), depression (P < .001), and QoL
(mental P = .021; physical P = .015) improved signifcantly at follow-up. This improvement
was seen in both subgroups of patients with and without ACS, with the exception of the
mental subscore in no-ACS patients. Analysis for sex differences showed that anxiety
decreased signifcantly in females with ACS and no-ACS, whereas males with no-ACS
failed to improve. Depression improved signifcantly in males and females with ACS (P
= .004, P = 0.011 respectively), but not in those with no-ACS. Physical subscore of QoL
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