Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: TLC, total leukocytic count; RBCs, red blood cells; TP, total protein; M. Bovis, Mycoplasma bovis; WBC,white blood cell; TNCC, total nucleated cell count; SD, standard deviation; FPT, failure of passive transfer; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase Introduction Camel is an economically important farm animal used for meat, milk and hair production in the Middle-East and North Africa. 1 Mycoplasmas are highly contagious organism capable of auto- replication and diffcult to culture and slow growing. 2,3 Camel joints are infected by variety of infectious diseases that may affect their racing performance. Mycoplasma spp. are considered the common causes of some diseases as arthritis, pneumonia and abortion. 4 Camel calves are more susceptible to mycoplasma infection and developing clinical signs. 5 Consequently, the pathogen cannot be detected during the incubation period. Moreover, the serological cross reactions among the Mycoplasma spp. are a critical problem. 6,7 Synovial fuids analysis is the common method for diagnosis of various joint diseases. 8 The most commonly isolated organisms are Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Arcanobacterium spp., Corynebacterium and less commonly Mycoplasma spp. 8 Navel ill is considered the most common term which includes navel abscesses and umbilical hernia. 9‒11 Reports on arthritis associated with mycoplasmosis in camels are scare. Consequently, the present study aimed to assess the clinical and clinicopathological fndings associated with arthritis caused by Mycoplasma spp. in camel calves in district areas in Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods Study area The present study was conducted in Four areas in central province in Saudi Arabia including (Shaqra, Hermla, Dorm and Al-Qassim region) which are rich in camel population. Each area had been visited two times per month to collect the samples (synovial fuid, blood and serum) from affected camel calves. Animals A total of 41 camel calves at 1-12months of age from different farms were clinically examined for presence of arthritis. The morbidity and mortality rates of the disease were identifed from camel owners in the areas of study. All the clinical data were collected from the camel’s owners in the areas of this study. Clinical examination Competent clinical examination of each camel was done consistent with Radostitis et al. 12 Data concerned with the case history, clinical J Dairy Vet Anim Res. 2016;3(1):26‒30. 26 © 2016 Shoieb et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. Clinical and clinicopathological fndings of arthritic camel calf associated with Mycoplasma infection(Camelus dromedarius) Volume 3 Issue 1 - 2016 Sherif M Shoieb, 1 Mohamed Sayed-Ahmed 2,3 1 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Mansoura University, Egypt 2 Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Mansoura University, Egypt 3 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia Correspondence: Mohamed Zakaria Sayed-Ahmed, Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt, Tel 00966 594 886878, Fax 00966 17 3216837, Email drzakaria-infect@hotmail.com Received: January 20, 2016 | Published: February 04, 2016 Abstract Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the clinical and clinicopathological findings of arthritic camel calf associated with mycoplasma infection in district areas of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Fourty-one camel calves from different farms with different sex and age from 1-12months were used in this study. Thirteen camels did not have any clinical articular abnormalities while twenty eight camels had gross articular problems such as lameness and swollen in joints either monoarthritis or polyarthritis. The synovial fluid was extracted from the arthritic joints. Then, the concentration of TLC, RBCs, and TP were measured in samples. The mycoplasma isolates which were identified were further confirmed by disk growth inhibition test using a panel of specific antisera against selected reference mycoplasma spp. Results: Concentration of all measured parameters in arthritic joints were significantly higher than clinically healthy joints (p<0.05). The synovial fluid concentration of TLC, RBCs, and TP were 9525±526cells/µl, 4804.4±91cells/µl, and 2.820±104g/dl in arthritic joints respectively. The most commonly isolated bacteria were Mycoplasma spp., followed by non-haemolytic streptococci spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: This study gives us a spotlight on the significance of mycoplasma arthritis in camel calves and significant increase of acute phase proteins and inflammatory cells in the synovial fluid. Information about the normal values of these parameters and their changing patterns may help camel rearing systems during arthritis by assessing the health status of joints in the camels; in addition, the information about normal values can be diagnostically valuable when considering diseased animals. Keywords: camel calf, arthritic joints, mycoplasma spp, synovial fluid, clinical study Journal of Dairy, Veterinary & Animal Research Research Article Open Access