Copyright © 2016 Mutaz B. Habal, MD. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.
the OA origins as dural course, middle meningeal artery origin,
cavernous internal carotid artery origin, double OA origin, pre-
clinoid internal carotid artery origin, internal carotid artery bifur-
cation and terminal branch origins, basilar artery origin, carotid
siphon origin, double internal carotid artery origin, middle cerebral
artery origin, posterior communicating artery origin. But, contral-
ateral internal carotid artery origin has not been mentioned in this
review article. In our patient, the origin of contralateral ophthalmic
artery was infrachiasmatic.
When any stenosis or occlusion occurs in the ICA or common
carotid artery, ipsilateral ocular symptoms can be seen, except for
neurological findings. In our patient, although we determined the
occlusion in right ICA, vision loss was not detected.
Dandy–Walker variant is a less severe brain anomaly than
Dandy–Walker malformation. There is usually partial hypoplasia
of the cerebellar vermis with partial obstruction to the fourth
ventricle, but without enlargement of the posterior fossa. The
majority of patients with Dandy–Walker variant are sporadic.
18
Magnetic resonance imaging shows dilatation in lateral and third
ventricle, hypoplasia of cerebellar vermis, and cystic dilation
communicating with the fourth ventricle.
19
Differential diagnosis of the cystic malformations of the posterior
fossa has been radiological extensively addressed. Magnetic reson-
ance imaging may not provide sufficient anatomic information in the
diagnosis of the cystic lesions of the posterior fossa. Moreover,
membranes associated with these cysts cannot often be visualized
by conventional MR imaging. Phase-contrast MR imaging provides
noninvasive evaluation of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow
patterns, and clearly depicts flow communication between CSF
containing compartments such as Dandy–Walker complex, mega-
cisterna magna, and arachnoid cyst.
20
In our patient, because the
patient could not tolerate a CSF flow MR imaging, we could not
perform CSF flow examination with phase-contrast MR imaging.
Hydrocephalus is often associated with Dandy–Walker com-
plex. In these patients, aquaductal stenosis or occlusion may pre-
sent. Cardiac-gated cine MR sequence is useful in the assessment of
the aqueduct for patency.
20
The diagnosis of additional cranial anomalies is associated with
a poor outcome regardless of the type of posterior fossa anomaly.
21
Normal neurodevelopmental outcome in prenatal and postnatal
series shows wide variety. However, neurodevelopmental delay
has been notified in 40% to 60% of children with Dandy–Walker
complex, with the worse outcome.
20,21
Because of associate
anomalies, termination rates were very high in Dandy–Walker
malformation/variant.
20
CONCLUSION
We presented that the right OA originated from the supraclinoidal
segment of the left ICA. It lied into the right optic channel and
orbita. Moreover, Dandy–Walker variant was together with this
very rare anomaly. To our knowledge, this togetherness is the first
patient in English literature. In determining variations of OA (as in
our patient), the diagnostic value of MR angiography is high and
can be used in routine examinations. In daily radiological practice,
the radiologists should perform a very careful assessment in patients
with possible anatomical variations.
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Retrieval of a Broken Dental
Needle Close to the Facial Artery
After Cervical Migration
Sormani Bento Fernandes de Queiroz, DDS, MSc,
Valthierre
Nunes de Lima, DDS, MSc,
y
Pedro Henrique Gonc ¸alves
Holanda Amorim, DDS,
Osvaldo Magro-Filho, DDS,
PhD,
y
and Rivada´vio Fernandes Batista Amorim, DDS, PhD
z
Abstract: Use of imaging tools like digital C-arm, tridimensional
tomography, and navigational surgery has proven its value to the
surgical removal of broken needles. A 32-year-old patient was
referred for evaluation of a fractured needle during inferior alveolar
nerve block attempt few days before. The patient complained of a
Brief Clinical Studies The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
Volume 27, Number 4, June 2016
e338
#
2016 Mutaz B. Habal, MD