Pergamon Atmospheric Environment Vol. 30, No. 12, pp. 2011-2025, 1996
Copyright C) 1996 Ehevier Science Lid
Printed in Great Britain. All tights rmerv~
1352-2310t96 $15.00+ 0.00
1353-2310(95) 00268-5
EFFECTS OF UNCERTAINTIES IN METEOROLOGICAL
INPUTS ON URBAN AIRSHED MODEL PREDICTIONS AND
OZONE CONTROL STRATEGIES
G. SISTLA, N. ZHOU, W. HAO, J.-Y. KU and S. T. RAO
Division of Air Resources, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany,
NY 12233, U.S.A.
R. BORNSTEIN and F. FREEDMAN
Department of Meteorology, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, U.S.A.
and
P. THUNIS
Environmental Institute, European Community Joint Research Institute, 21020 ISPRA, Italy
(First received 21 Februm'y 1995 and in final form 12 June 1995)
Almraet--Although wcll-rccngnized within the photochemical modeling community, the effect of uncer-
tainties in meteorological input on the urban alrshed model (UAM) Output has not been systematically
evaluated. In this study, the UAM has been applied to investigate the sensitivity of ozone predictions to the
choices in wind fields and mixing height profiles for the data-sparse New York metropolitan area. A set of
three wind fields, in combination with spatially varying and spatially invafiant mixing heights, is investi-
gated for the July 1988 ozone episode. In general, mndei-predicted ozone levels were higher under the
spatially varying mixing height (SVM) option than under the spatially invariant mixing height (SIM)
option. SVM-based UAM simulations provided better agreement between the predicted and measured
ozone concentrations than SIM-based UAM simulations. However, from the regulatory standpoint,
predicted ozone concentrations based on either of these mixing height options are within the range
considered as acceptable. UAM simulations with emission reductions of 75% NOx and 25% VOCs
(NOx-focnsed) reveal that the improvement in peak ozone levels under the SIM option is larger than that
under the SVM option, whereas the emission reduction scenario of 25% NOx and 75% VOCs (VOC-
focused)yields greater improvement in peak ozone under the SVM option than with the SIM option. Given
the strong influence of mixing heights and wind fields on UAM mode] predictions in data-sparse areas, it is
imperative that uncertainties in development of ozone abatement plans be quantified. Copyright © 1996
Elsevier Science Ltd
Key word index: Ozone control, UAM, meteorological inputs.
l. INTRODUCTION
Despite controls on the emissions of ozone precursors
over the past two decades, ozone concentrations well
above the health-based National Ambient Air Quality
Standard CNAAQS) level of 0.12ppm continue to
persist in urban areas in the northeastern United
States. The New York metropolitan area, which en-
compasses the urban areas of New York City (NYC),
northern New Jersey, and southern Connecticut, of.
ten experiences peak ozone levels exceeding 200 ppb.
The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990
attempted to deal with this continuing problem by
requiting urban areas classified as serious and above
to perform grid-based photochemical modeling ana-
lyses to demonstrate attainment of the ozone stan-
dard. To this end, the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) has recommended use of urban airshcd
model (UAM) for the preparation of ozone State
Implementation Plans (SIPs). Besides the emissions
inventory for UAM, the impact of meteorological
input variables on model-predicted ozone concentra-
tions needs to be carefully exzmined. When applying
the UAM to satisfy EPA requirements, one may have
insufficient measurements to define the detailed me-
teorological conditions adequately for the modeled
episode. In this case, there is a great deal of latitude in
specifying the wind fields and mixing heights to the
UAM.
Given the sparsity of meteorological measurements
in the New York metropolitan area, many possible
representations of the wind fields and mixing heights
2011