Homologous transplantation with fresh frozen bone for dental implant placement can induce HLA sensitization: a preliminary study Paulo Eduardo de Lacerda . Andre ´ Antonio Pelegrine . Marcelo Lucchesi Teixeira . Victor Angelo Martins Montalli . Helcio Rodrigues . Marcelo Henrique Napimoga Received: 20 March 2016 / Accepted: 29 April 2016 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016 Abstract It has been related in orthopedic surgeries the HLA sensitization. Thus, we evaluate if the use of fresh-frozen homologous bone (FFHB) for dental implant placement induce anti-HLA sensitization. Six patients were treated with FFHB corticocancellous block grafts. After 6 months, bone biopsies were harvested during implant placement to allow histo- morphometric analysis. Vital mineralized tissue (VMT), non-vital mineralized tissue (NVMT) and non-mineralized tissue (NMT) were quantified histo- morphometrically. Peripheral blood was collected from the patients before FFHB placement and 6 months after the surgery for anti-HLA analysis. The histomorphometric analysis showed the presence of VMT, NVMT and NMT in 45.56 ± 15.72 %, 14.16 ± 13.39 % and 40.29 ± 12.60 %, respectively. The baseline and 6 months postoperative CTs revealed bone thickness in the order of 5.66 ± 0.67 mm and 8.71 ± 1.52 mm (3.05 ± 1.39 mm). The anti-HLA analysis revealed that two of the six patients (33.3 %) became sensitized, however this was not associated with any FFHB incorporation loss (p [ 0.05). A total of 24 implants were placed all of which were osseoin- tegrated after 6 months. Although FFHB-related HLA sensitization does not appear to affect bone incorpo- ration when treating insufficient bone thickness for implant placement, further follow-up is required to determine whether there is an association between HLA sensitization and long-term graft survival. Keywords Bone regeneration Á Bone transplantation Á Homologous Á Dental implant Á HLA antigens Abbreviations FFHB Fresh-frozen homologous bone VMT Vital mineralized tissue NVMT Non-vital mineralized tissue NMT Non-mineralized tissue HLA Human leukocyte antigen EDTA Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid CT Computed tomographic Introduction Reconstruction of extensive bony defects for implant installation is a major challenge in the practice of implant dentistry, with the demand for bone recon- struction being a relatively common finding P. E. de Lacerda Á A. A. Pelegrine Á M. L. Teixeira Á V. A. M. Montalli Á M. H. Napimoga (&) Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Sa ˜o Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, R. Jose ´ Rocha Junqueira, 13, Campinas, SP 13045-755, Brazil e-mail: marcelo.napimoga@gmail.com; napimogamh@yahoo.com H. Rodrigues Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, University of Sa ˜o Paulo Medical School, Sa ˜o Paulo, SP, Brazil 123 Cell Tissue Bank DOI 10.1007/s10561-016-9562-9