©ICS. Journal of Digital Science, Vol.1, Iss. 1, Dec 2019 3 Secure i-Voting Scheme with Blockchain Technology and Blind Signature Mahmoud Al-Rawy 1 and Atilla Elci 2 1 Ark IT, Tirana, Albania 2 Electrical Electronics Department, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey https://doi.org/10.33847/2686-8296.1.1_1 Abstract. In the last four years, blockchain technology affected largely all aspects of our lives. Blockchain started to launch a new technological revolution of storing digital transactions over the Internet, verifying the authenticity, licensing and providing the highest degree of security and encryption. Blockchain usage started with digital currency then its implementation extended to many industries such as voting, health records, copywriters, real estates and so on. However, it is time to upgrade the election scenario from practicing paper-based elections to use modern technologies in order to facilitate our lives. The fact that the blockchain technology has demonstrated almost infinite immutability and high resistance against hacking, lends credit to employ it in securing election data from fraud by saving every single piece of data, record or transaction with unchangeable history. In this paper, we propose and test implement a robust online voting system based on blockchain in order to prevent election forgery and ease the voting process for citizens. The essence of our research lies in abandoning alterable traditional databases and replacing them with two private blockchains that use the peer-to-peer network. Along with the blockchains, we utilized blind signature to maintain vote/voter privacy in order to safeguard voter eligibility validation against manipulation and forgery. Lastly, we discuss a threat model, and suggest solutions overcome it; we also suggest a solution to identity impersonation and vote-selling problems. Keywords: Blockchain, Internet Voting, Vote/Voter privacy, Blind Signatures, Public- Private Key algorithm anonymization. 1 Introduction For hundreds of years, traditional elections based on the principle of accepting a ballot paper at a specific polling station have been practiced. The cost of this process, of each ballot paper, trustee, preparation of a polling station, and other high costs not to mention the time spent, difficulties faced by disabled people, repeatedly encountered problems due to fraud, manipulation of results and influencing voters are all factors to consider against traditional/paper-based elections. History is littered with examples of elections being manipulated to influence their outcome; scammers and rulers have developed means of manipulating votes to achieve personal agendas, which is considered a violation of the core principle of democracy. With the advent of the ever-expanding Internet, many researchers have devoted effort to find the easiest, economical and most importantly a secure way to achieve a fair online election by using an i-Voting system aimed to overcome all problems faced by the traditional elections. The i-Voting system, alternately called the Internet Voting, may be defined as an election system constructed on cryptographic techniques allowing voters to cast their ballots for their favorite candidates and transmitting their votes over the Internet from anywhere in the World while the voting and tally processes run entirely anonymously. In 1981, David Chaum introduced the first electronic voting system [25], where he used public-key cryptography to maintain solid anonymity of voters/votes as well as utilizing Blind Signature to ensure disconnectivity between voters and their ballots. Since then, the evolving of cryptography inspired several academicians to show interests in Internet voting [20, 21, 26 – 29]. Yet, due to the fact that Internet voting systems run over the Internet, significant challenges such as voters' authenticity and eligibility, ballot privacy, process completion, the immutability of the results and fairness have been obstacles for decades. Despite the concerns mentioned above, Estonia introduced for the first time in the history online voting system to be the first country in the world to put in place an Internet