Health Care Analysis 10: 339–356, 2002. © 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. In a Secular Spirit: Strategies of Clinical Pastoral Education SIMON J. CRADDOCK LEE Joint Program in Medical Anthropology, University of California, San Francisco and Berkeley (E-mail: simonlee1@earthlink.net) Abstract. The Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) model for the provision of spiritual care represents the emergence of a secularized professional practice from a religiously-based theo- logical practice of chaplaincy. The transformation of hospital chaplaincy into “spiritual care services” is one means by which religious healthcare ministry negotiates modernity, in the particular forms of the secular realm of biomedicine and the pluralism of the contemporary United States healthcare marketplace. “Spiritual” is a label strategically deployed to extend the realm of relevance to any patient’s “belief system,” regardless of his or her religious affiliation. “Theological” language is recast as a tool for conceptualizing the “spiritual lens.” Such moves transform chaplaincy from a peripheral service, applicable only to the few “religious” patients, into an integral element of patient care for all. Such a secularized professional practice is necessary to demonstrate the relevance and utility of spiritual care for all hospital patients in an era of cost-containment priorities and managed care economics. Key words: chaplaincy, professionalization, professional ethics, religious pluralism, secular- ization, theology Introduction In this article, I argue that Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE), a training model for the provision of spiritual care in medical centers, represents the emer- gence of a secularized professional practice from a more religiously-based theological practice of chaplaincy. Further, I argue that the transformation of hospital chaplaincy into “spiritual care services” is one means by which religious healthcare ministry negotiates the secular realm of biomedicine and the pluralism of the contemporary United States healthcare marketplace. “Spiritual” is a label strategically deployed to extend the realm of relevance to any patient’s “belief system,” regardless of his or her religious affiliation (or lack thereof). “Theological” language is recast as a tool useful here for conceptualizing the “spiritual lens,” itself similar to the psycho-social formulations of social work. These moves transform chaplaincy from a peri- pheral service, applicable only to the few “religious” patients, into an integral