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Health SA Gesondheid
ISSN: (Online) 2071-9736, (Print) 1025-9848
Page 1 of 10 Original Research
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Authors:
Sibusiso C. Nomatshila
1
Teke R. Apalata
2
Sikhumbuzo A. Mabunda
3
Afliatons:
1
Department of Public
Health, Faculty of Health
Sciences, Walter Sisulu
University, Mthatha,
South Africa
2
Department of Laboratory
Medicine, Faculty of Health
Sciences, Walter Sisulu
University, Mthatha,
South Africa
3
The George Insttute for
Global Health, University of
New South Wales, Sydney,
Australia
Corresponding author:
Sibusiso Nomatshila,
sibusiso.nomatshila@gmail.
com
Dates:
Received: 19 Aug. 2021
Accepted: 09 Dec. 2021
Published: 11 Feb. 2022
How to cite this artcle:
Nomatshila, S.C., Apalata,
T.R. & Mabunda, S.A., 2022,
‘Perceptons and knowledge
of school management teams
about non-communicable
diseases and strategies to
prevent them’, Health SA
Gesondheid 27(0), a1781.
htps://doi.org/10.4102/
hsag.v27i0.1781
Copyright:
©2022. The Authors.
Licensee: AOSIS. This work
is licensed under the
Creatve Commons
Atributon License.
Introducton
The prevalence of diseases associated with the heart, type 2 diabetes mellitus, some cancers and
long-term infections of the respiratory system was reported as the primary cause of death
globally in the past few decades (Habib & Saha 2010; Horton 2013; Nojilana et al. 2016, Solomons,
Kruger & Puoane, 2017; Yuyun et al. 2020). In the developed countries, it is reported that non-
communicable diseases (NCDs), especially cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), were responsible for
high rates of morbidity and mortality, resulting in 90% of all deaths (Yuyun et al. 2020). According
to the literature in 2010, NCDs were responsible for more than 63% of deaths globally (Alwan
2011; Terzic & Waldman 2011; Wagner & Brath, 2012). NCDs were responsible for 68% (38
million) of all global deaths registered in 2014 (World Health Organization [WHO] 2018a). In
2016 alone, NCDs were reported by the WHO as being responsible for 71% (41 million) of the
world’s 57 million deaths (WHO 2018b). This clearly shows an increasing trajectory of 5%
between 2010 and 2014, and an additional 3% between 2014 and 2016 of all deaths associated
with NCDs (WHO 2014, 2018a, 2018b). Deaths attributed to NCDs are projected to increase to
75% of all deaths by 2030 (Wang & Wang 2020). Although for the past few decades, NCDs had
Background: In 2016, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were reported to be responsible for
41 million of the world’s 57 million deaths. These deaths were reported to be associated with
modifiable lifestyle behaviours, such as tobacco smoking, poor physical activity and diets of
poor nutritional value. There could be a knowledge gap on NCD risk factors amongst non-
health professionals. Knowledge of NCDs is, therefore, important for the implementation of
preventive measures to onset of NCDs.
Aim: This study aimed at describing perceptions and knowledge of school management teams
about NCDs and strategies to prevent them.
Setting: This study was conducted in Mt Frere, South Africa.
Methods: This explorative qualitative study using a phenomenological data collection
approach was conducted amongst purposively selected school authorities in 2016–2017 to
understand their perceptions and knowledge about NCDs and what can be performed to
prevent them. Two focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted using open-ended and
unstructured questions guided by interview schedule. Tesch’s eight phases of thematic
analysis approach was used to analyse narrative data resulting in two main themes and nine
subthemes.
Results: Two themes (understanding and prevention of NCDs, and control measures for
NCDs) and nine sub-themes emerged from the data analysis. Inconsistent description of
NCDs, its causes and controls were identified amongst school management teams in the FGD.
Diet, poverty, societal factors, gaps between decision makers and communities, and poor
policy implementation were identified by participants as major issues in the development of
NCDs.
Conclusion: There was no adequate knowledge on NCDs amongst the school management
team participants. Improved visibility of health promotion personnel is needed to ensure
community empowerment on NCDs prevention.
Contribution: The findings in this study will help in closing the gaps in the implementation of
preventive health services for NCDs within school health.
Keywords: management; non-communicable diseases; prevention; policy; schools.
Perceptons and knowledge of school
management teams about non-communicable
diseases and strategies to prevent them
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