Solar Energy Materials 13 (1986) 307-318 307
North-Holland, Amsterdam
SPRAY CdS-POLYACETYLENE THIN FILMS PHOTOVOLTAIC
HETEROJUNCTIONS
M. ABD-LEFDIL t), M. CADENE t), M. ROLLAND I), j. BOUGNOT 2)
and M.J.M. ABADIE 3)
l) Groupe de Dynamique des Phases Condensbes (L.A. 233), Universitb des Sciences et Techniques du
Languedoc, 34060 Montpellier Cbdex, France
e) Centre d'Electronique de Montpellier, Universitb des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc,
34060 Montpellier Cbdex, France
-~) Laboratoire d'Etudes des Mat~riaux Polymbres, Universitb des Sciences et Techniques du
Languedoc, 34060 Montpellier Cbdex, France
Received 5 November 1985
We made thin films photovohaic cells by a direct polymerisation of (CH)x onto a sprayed CdS
layer. Electrical and optical characteristics of this device were measured, both with undoped
(CH)~ (p-n heterojunctions) and heavily doped (CH)x (Schottky diode). In spite of its low
efficiency such a junction would lead, after improvement, to very cheap photovoltaic cells.
1. Introduction
Since the synthesis by Shirakawa et al. [1] of large area free standing films of
polyacetylene, a strong interest was focused on this cheap material. It may be doped
by a number of chemical species such as 12, AsF s, H2SO 4, ... (p-type), or Li, Na,
K (n-type). Doping increases its electrical conductivity by more than twelve orders
of magnitude (from 10 -9 up to 10 +3 (~ cm)-t). At low doping level, (CH)x has a
semiconducting behaviour and reaches a quasi metallic state when heavily doped.
On the other hand, the (CH)x optical properties are also of strong interest as it
appears as a direct gap semiconductor with an optical bandgap lying from 1.5 eV
(trans stable isomer) to 1.8 eV (cis isomer), which is well matched to the solar
spectrum. At last, its absorptivity around the gap increases above l0 s cm-1.
Concerning the field of energy storage or production, many works deal with
electrochemistry to build up batteries [2,3]; photoelectrochemical cells [4], photo-
voltaic devices, both p-n heterojunctions [5-7], and Schottky devices [8-10].
Our goal is to build up very low cost solar cells even if the efficiency remains
weak. Consequently, we chose the spray technique to obtain thin polycrystalline
CdS layers. These cells have been characterised by SEM and by their electrical and
optical behaviour, studied under dark and illuminated conditions.
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