Research Article Performance Analysis of Dual-Beam Free Space Optical Communication Link under Dust and Rain Conditions Sultan Mahmood Yasir, 1 Naeem Abas , 1 Shoaib Rauf, 1 Muhammad Shoaib Saleem, 2 and Aun Haider 2 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Sialkot, Pakistan Correspondence should be addressed to Naeem Abas; naeemkalair@uog.edu.pk Received 5 December 2021; Revised 29 June 2022; Accepted 12 July 2022; Published 8 August 2022 Academic Editor: Ghanshyam Singh Copyright © 2022 Sultan Mahmood Yasir et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Free space optical (FSO) communication has become an enduring and well-established communication technology in the last few decades with several advantages of high data rate, enormous bandwidth, low power consumption, transportable technology without right of way, and inherently secure line of a sight communication system. The invisible, intensity-modulated signal of light propagated through the air and detected on the receiver side experiences attenuation because of uneven distribution of rain droplets, suspended dust aerosol particles, and the droplet size distribution of fog particles in atmospheric layer degrade performance of FSO communication link. The ever-increasing demand for high data rate has quest for an innovative research for a communication link. In this paper, the performance of a dual-beam FSO communication link is evaluated under rain and dust as attenuation conditions. The system parameters, such as link distance transmitted and received power, link distance, diameter of transmitter and receiver aperture, and divergence angle, are optimized for a metropolitan FSO communication link. Dual-beam FSO communication signal propagated through an estimated attenuation level at 30 dBm transmitted power for link distance up to 2.5 km. The optical power splitter and power combiners are used in the simulation to estimate different channel parameters without the MIMO technique. The information signal of the 10 Gbps data rate is internally modulated using the NRZ generator, externally modulated by the Mach-Zehnder, and an optical signal transmitted through a dual-beam optical spectrum frequency of 193.1 THz using power splitter technique apart from each other. A comprehensive analysis is performed to design and assess robust optical communication systems through efficiency parameters such as received power, optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR), bit error rate (BER), and Q-factors. Results show that received optical power is a weather- dependent variable that shows a decreasing pattern as weather attenuation increases. Likewise, Q-factor and OSNR show similar decreasing trend with introduction of rain and dust as attenuator; however, BER increases in presence of attenuation. 1. Introduction FSO communication is mature communication technology used for wireless communication links for backhaul commu- nication networks at high data rates without any electromag- netic interference, with advantages of reliability and range/ link distance. The ever-increasing demand for data rate has forced researchers to find the ultimate solution for the exist- ing and upcoming applications in the cellular network of the 5 th generation because of bandwidth congestion of radio fre- quency. FSO communication has advantages of bandwidth, compared to optic fiber cable with several advantages of easy and portable installations, so it is better to replace high-cost optical fiber cable with an FSO link [1]. Optical wireless communication is a visible light communication system in which optical signals are traveled through the environmental layer, causing the loss of propagated signal along with the propagation channel and reducing the intensity of the trans- mitted signal at the optical receiver side [2]. There are sev- eral weather conditions like rain, dust, aerosol particles, and fog that degraded the performance of the FSO system [3]. Scintillation is another effect of an atmospheric layer Hindawi Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Volume 2022, Article ID 9060676, 15 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9060676