1
A conceptual framework for audio-visual museum media
M. K. L. Nielsen
1,
*
1
Dept. of Architecture, Design and Media Technology, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark.
Abstract
In today's history museums, the past is communicated through many other means than original artefacts. This
interdisciplinary and theoretical article suggests a new approach to studying the use of audio-visual media, such as film,
video and related media types, in a museum context. The centre of interest is how history and authenticity is mediated at
history museums and how museum visitors perceive this use. In this article, focus is moved away from technology and
specific types of installations to concentrate on what museums do with technology. Building on disciplines such as media
science and museum studies, existing case studies, and real life observations, the suggested framework instead stress
particular characteristics of contextual use of audio-visual media in history museums, such as authenticity, virtuality,
interativity, social context and spatial attributes of the communication design.
Keywords: design, learning, creative industries, creative technologies, audio-visual media, museums.
Received on 16 November 2016, accepted on 04 March 2017, published on 05 April 2017
Copyright © 2017 M. K. L. Nielsen, licensed to EAI. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unlimited use,
distribution and reproduction in any medium so long as the original work is properly cited.
doi: 10.4108/eai.5-9-2017.153061
*
Corresponding author. Email:mikni@sydvestjyskemuseer.dk
Introduction – Museums and dynamic,
audio-visual media
Museums’ role
The International Council of Museums defines museums
as ‘… a non-profit, permanent institution in the service of
society and its development, open to the public, which
acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and
exhibits the tangible and intangible heritage of humanity
and its environment for the purposes of education, study
and enjoyment.’[1]. Such description reflects that
museums’ vast collections of material objects are
cornerstones in museum work. This has been the case,
since the dawn of the Museion over the ‘Wunderkammer’,
but nonetheless changing agendas have affected the role
of the object and the museums through the years.
Objects in ‘old’ museums was chosen and displayed
according to classification based on their morphology,
whereas modern museums select material things
according to their relationship to people, to their
connected stories and the link to history [2]. Paradigmatic
shifts in the museums’ attitudes toward the relationship
between a range of concepts, have lead museums into
more theatrical or experiential directions. Competing with
new information technologies, museums as a distinct kind
of media now tend to focus on providing experiences
rather than mere information. This is done through an
increasing use of mise-en-scène, narrative and emotional
engagement. Objects from collections are rarely put on
taxonomic display, but selected for their iconic value as
story-supporting props [3]. The lesser focus on museum
objects per se means they are no longer expected to speak
for themselves, but are put into a certain context and
spoken for. Rather than a mere expression of museums’
development, the lesser emphasis on the artefacts and
priority of experiences may also represent two different
types of modern historical consciousness [4]. Authenticity
is still a key element of the museum experience, but these
have turned from domination of displaying authentic
objects to providing authentic experiences [5]. Case
studies also demonstrate discrepancies in the approach to
the notion of authenticity between traditional museum
professionals and museum visitors, where the latter group
seems to accept a higher degree of virtualization and
mimesis [6] [7]. Put stereotypically, these studies indicate
a clash between the understanding of and approach to
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01 2017 - 04 2017 | Volume 4 | Issue 11 | e4