Citation: Soomro, S.A.; Casakin, H.;
Georgiev, G.V. A Systematic Review
on FabLab Environments and
Creativity: Implications for Design.
Buildings 2022, 12, 804. https://
doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060804
Academic Editor: David J. Edwards
Received: 29 April 2022
Accepted: 7 June 2022
Published: 10 June 2022
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral
with regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional affil-
iations.
Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).
buildings
Review
A Systematic Review on FabLab Environments and Creativity:
Implications for Design
Sohail Ahmed Soomro
1,2
, Hernan Casakin
3
and Georgi V. Georgiev
1,
*
1
Centre for Ubiquitous Computing, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland; sohail.soomro@oulu.fi
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan
3
School of Architecture, Ariel University, Ariel 44837, Israel; casakin@ariel.ac.il
* Correspondence: georgi.georgiev@oulu.fi
Abstract: Fabrication laboratories (FabLabs) and makerspaces are used to transform ideas into tan-
gible products. Used in a design–learning context, they can enhance cognitive and creative skills.
Creativity is the pivotal ability to produce innovative outcomes in makerspaces, and several studies
have attempted to understand the role of makerspaces and creativity in specific fields. However, a
comprehensive study offering a holistic view of the contributions of the makerspaces as built envi-
ronments that foster creativity is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review on
FabLabs, makerspaces, and creativity to address this research gap. While the review was performed
using five major databases, only peer reviewed journal articles were considered. The findings revealed
that makerspaces help to develop person, product, physical, and social environments, as well as
process aspects of creativity. Moreover, makerspaces induce problem solving, collaborative, and com-
munication skills; they also offer appealing environments and technologies for developing creative
solutions to real-life problems. We identified and analysed five major themes dealing with techni-
cal skills, technological and environmental elements, STEM learning, and skill development, and
elaborated upon their importance for enhancing creativity in FabLab and makerspace environments.
Keywords: collaborative learning environment; creative physical environment; creative process; creative
skills; creative social environment; creativity; design; fabrication laboratories; makerspace; technology
1. Introduction
A makerspace is an overreaching concept understood as “a creative, uniquely adapt-
able learning environment with tools and materials, which can be physical and/or virtual,
where students have an opportunity to explore, design, play, tinker, collaborate, inquire, ex-
periment, solve problems and invent” [1]. Makerspaces are built environments utilized for
interdisciplinary applications and research, helping users to coordinate between different
disciplines to develop complex engineering designs [2]. Fabrication laboratories (FabLabs)
are similar to or are a type of makerspace. However, in FabLabs stronger emphasis is laid
on the use of an often-predefined equipment (e.g., 3D printers, laser cutters, or electronic
workbenches) and on the scope of related training (see [3]). The technology used in mak-
erspaces and FabLabs are referred to as digital fabrication or digital manufacturing [4].
Such technology enables computer-supported additive and subtractive manufacturing,
design and rapid prototyping, and the easy materialization of highly customized products.
Digital fabrication technology is considered to be an indispensable part of makerspaces
and FabLabs [5], invention studios [6], personal fabrication setups [7,8], design labs, and
hackerspaces. Schmidt [9] coined “open creative labs” as an umbrella term referring to
all kinds of makerspaces mentioned in the literature. Makerspaces are used in a variety
of disciplines, and the literature has paid a good amount of attention to its wide applica-
tions. Makerspaces were found to be highly impactful in different domains. The nature of
this influence was examined in economy [10], entrepreneurship [11], public libraries [12],
Buildings 2022, 12, 804. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060804 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/buildings