Appl. Phys. A56, 4042 (1993)
Applied so,,..
PhysicsA "" Su#ace6
© Springer-Verlag 1993
Dynamics of Resonant and Non-Resonant Tunneling
in Asymmetric Coupled Quantum Wells
H. Cruz and A. Mufioz
Departamento de Fisica Fundamental y Experimental, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38204 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Received 6 July 1992/Accepted 31 August 1992
Abstract. Within the framework of the effective mass ap-
proximation, coherent oscillations of a photoexcited electron
wave packet in an asymmetric coupled quantum well struc-
ture have been studied using a time-dependent Schrtidinger
equation. In the method of calculation, the continuity of the
current across a semiconductor heterojunction is considered.
The amplitude and period of the electronic is obtained and
in the case of high bias, it is found the existence of electric
field-induced tunelling to semiconductor bulk.
PACS: 73.40.Gk, 72.80.Ey, 73.20.Dx
Tunneling phenomena in semiconductor nanostructures is
at present an important research subject because of its
possible application to ultrahigh-speed electronic devices
[1]. In such structures, there is considerable current interest
in the processes of coherent electron tunneling in asymmetric
coupled quantum wells (ACQW) [2] due to its potential
optical device applications since tuning of the eigenvalues
can be achieved by means of an external electric field
[3]. The possibility of observing electron oscillations in
coupled quantum wells was first theoretically discussed
by Luryi [4] and, experimentally, various techniques such
as time-resolved photoluminescence [5] and time-integrated
photoluminescence [3] has been implemented to observe
these effects. The main advantage of an asymmetric structure
is the ability to discriminate between optical transitions
in the two wells by their spectral position. In this way,
ACQW have been used to study the possible tunneling
mechamisms from one well to the other [6]. Leo et al.
[7] have recently studied the dynamics of an electron wave
packet in a semiconductor double quantum well structure
by means of ultrashort pulse excitation observing oscillatory
motion of the electron wave function between both quantum
wells. Since such experiments have already access to time
scales of femtoseconds, providing information on dynamics
and mechanism in the time domain, there is clearly a need to
understand and model the nonstationary evolution of electron
states in heterostructures [8-10].
The ACQW structure used in the experiments of [7]
consists of a 170 A GaAs well, a 17 • Ga0.65A10.35As barrier,
and a 120 A GaAs well. Such heterostructure is sandwiched
between two Ga0.65A10.35As semi-infinite electrodes. The
energy band diagram of the semiconductor heterostructure
in absence of external fields is shown in the inset of
Fig. l. This structure offers the possibility of tuning the
eigenstates by means of an external applied electric field.
Increasing the electric field, the energy splitting between
the two first conduction electronic levels decreases, takes
a minimum value at resonance due to the existence of an
anticrossing (Fig. 1), and then increases again. The wave
function of the electronic eigenstate that is initially localized
in one well at zero bias, becomes strongly delocalized
at resonance, and localized again with further increase
of the applied electric field. We can also notice that the
lowest optical transition energies in the two quantum wells
F
valence
band
conduction band
170,~ 17~, 1201
hqh i
' hgR
i
F=OKV/cm
Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of the asymmetric double quantum well
structure at resonance condition. Electron energy levels and first light
hole levels for both quantum wells are shown. In the inset of the
caption: conduction band in absence of applied electric field