Citation: Koupidis, K.; Bratsas, C.;
Vlachokostas, C. OpEnergy: An
Intelligent System for Monitoring EU
Energy Strategy Using EU Open Data.
Energies 2022, 15, 8294. https://
doi.org/10.3390/en15218294
Academic Editor: Antonio Zuorro
Received: 14 October 2022
Accepted: 3 November 2022
Published: 6 November 2022
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energies
Article
OpEnergy: An Intelligent System for Monitoring EU Energy
Strategy Using EU Open Data
Kleanthis Koupidis
1
, Charalampos Bratsas
1,2
and Christos Vlachokostas
3,
*
1
Open Knowledge Foundation Greece, 54352 Thessaloniki, Greece
2
Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus,
57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
3
Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sustainability Engineering Laboratory,
Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Box 483, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
* Correspondence: vlahoco@meng.auth.gr; Tel.: +30-2310-995968
Abstract: In this paper, the basic structure of anICT platform of energy indicators, Openergy, is ana-
lytically presented, leveraging energy open data to help address the energy crisis more democratically.
More specifically, its applicability as a dynamic tool for the management of climate, environmental,
and socioeconomic information is described, and its efficiency in helping uncover insights for optimal
data-driven decisions is depicted. Openergy uses data from the official portal for European data and
the Eurostat site. Its database consists of data related to six energy categories, EU 2020 energy targets,
energy balance, electricity production, transport fuels, heat production, and gas emissions, and each
one includes its own indicators for EU countries. The platform includes visualizations of these data
as well as time series modeling and forecasting, and the results are depicted at Openergy platform.
The time series modeling provides forecasts with confidence intervals of each indicator until 2020 in
each energy category. Empirical validation, RMSE, and MAE values showed that in almost all cases
and estimations, the predicted values are in very good agreement with the observed values.
Keywords: open data; energy indicators; intelligent systems; energy system; data analysis; informed
governance
1. Introduction
Stable, adequate, and secure energy is vital for the sustainable development of hu-
manity. Sustainability presupposes economic development by ensuring climate change
mitigation and adaptation, environmental protection, and social cohesion, e.g., [1]. Towards
this direction, energy resources that are strongly related to economic development need to
be sustainably managed. The 7th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of the 2030 Agenda
for Sustainable Development supports ensuring access to modern, sustainable, reliable, and
affordable energy for all [2]. The EU demonstrates global leadership by considering energy
strategies and initiatives, especially under the threat of climate change. The important
pillars of EU’s energy policy are briefly (i) decarbonize towards a low-carbon economy,
(ii) promote clean energy technologies, (iii) improve energy efficiency, (iv) cut emissions,
(v) reduce dependence on energy import, (vi) ensure the functioning of a fully integrated
internal energy market, and (vii) diversify Europe’s sources of energy. All these pillars
need motives, objectives, and priorities in order to succeed in a “metamorphosis” of the
energy sector.
It goes without saying that energy consumption and the corresponding pressures on the
environment and climate are accompanied by many unsustainable practices that humanity
adopted in the past, which are still present in the energy system, e.g., [3–5]. Promoting
and realistically developing strategies and policies that aim to achieve an integrated energy
market, security of energy supply, and a sustainable energy sector is crucial and embedded
in the core of the EU’s energy policy [6]. Themes such as distributed generation energy
Energies 2022, 15, 8294. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15218294 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/energies