Fabrication of MEMS Components Based on Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Thin Films
and Characterization of Mechanical Properties*
A. V. Sumant
1
O. Auciello
1
, A. R. Krauss
1
, D. M. Gruen
1
, D. Ersoy
2
, J. Tucek
1
,
A. Jayatissa
1
, E. Stach
3
, N. Moldovan
4
, D. Mancini
4,
H. G. Busmann
5
, E. M. Meyer
6
1
Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL.
2
University of Illinois-Chicago, IL.
3
National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA.
4
Experimental Facility Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL.
5
Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Materials Science, Bremen, Germany.
6
Institute for Microsensors, Actuators, and Systems, University of Bremen, Germany.
ABSTRACT
The mechanical, thermal, chemical, and tribological properties of diamond make it an ideal
material for the fabrication of MEMS components. However, conventional CVD diamond
deposition methods result in either a coarse-grained pure diamond structure that prevents high-
resolution patterning, or in a fine-grained diamond film with a significant amount of intergranular
non-diamond carbon. At Argonne National Laboratory, we are able to produce phase-pure
ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films for the fabrication of MEMS components. UNCD is
grown by microwave plasma CVD using C
60
-Ar or CH
4
-Ar plasmas, resulting in films that have 3-5
nm grain size, are 10-20 times smoother than conventionally grown diamond films, and can have
mechanical properties similar to that of single crystal diamond. We used lithographic patterning,
lift-off, and etching, in conjunction with the capability for growing UNCD on SiO
2
to fabricate 2-D
and 3-D UNCD-MEMS structures. We have performed initial characterization of mechanical
properties by using nanoindentation and in-situ TEM indentor techniques. The values of Hardness
(~88 GPa) and Young's modulus (~ 864 GPa) measured are very close to those of single crystal
diamond (100 GPa and 1000 GPa respectively). The results show that UNCD is a promising
material for future high performance MEMS devices.
INTRODUCTION
Over the past few years, there has been considerable progress in the area of MEMS
technology. Most of the research in this area is centered around finding suitable material with
superior physical, chemical and mechanical properties [1-4] and this basically stems from the ever
increasing demands on the operating limits of MEMS devices. Diamond, because of its outstanding
physical, chemical and mechanical properties is being considered as a possible substitute material
over conventional silicon. Therefore, various groups are exploring diamond coatings to produce
MEMS devices capable of performing useful work. A large number of MEMS structures have been
reported [5-9], using conventional CH
4
/(98-99%) H
2
plasma chemistry [10] to grow diamond films
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 657 © 2001 Materials Research Society
EE5.33.1