Arab J Sci Eng
DOI 10.1007/s13369-017-2857-8
RESEARCH ARTICLE - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Impact of TiO
2
–Cation Exchange Resin Composite on the
Removal of Ethyl Violet
Fazia Agueniou
1
· Derradji Chebli
1
· Abdelbaki Reffas
2
· Abdallah Bouguettoucha
1
·
Yacine Benguerba
1
· Lidia Favier
3
· Abdeltif Amrane
3
Received: 17 November 2016 / Accepted: 5 October 2017
© King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2017
Abstract Adsorption capacity and photocatalytic perfor-
mance of a mixture of TiO
2
and a cation exchange resin
were assessed by measuring the removal of the cationic
dye ethyl violet (EV) from water. Highest adsorption of
EV was achieved at pH 3 due to the increase in number
of positive charges of the EV molecule. However, adsorp-
tion decreased at higher pH. The adsorption kinetics at pH 3
could be accurately described by means of a pseudo-second
order kinetic model. Experimental adsorption equilibrium
data at pH 3 fitted the Langmuir model more accurately
than the Sips and Freundlich models. Photocatalysis exper-
iments indicated that the EV elimination was higher with
B Abdallah Bouguettoucha
abd_bouguettoucha@yahoo.fr
Fazia Agueniou
fazia.agueniou@yahoo.com
Derradji Chebli
derradji_chebli@yahoo.fr
Abdelbaki Reffas
Abdelbakireffas@gmail.com
Yacine Benguerba
benguerbayacine@yahoo.fr
Lidia Favier
lidia.favier@ensc-rennes.fr
Abdeltif Amrane
abdeltif.amrane@univ-rennes1.fr
1
Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Chimiques, Département
de Génie des Procédés, Faculté de Technologie, Université
Ferhat Abbas, Sétif-1, 19000 Sétif, Algérie
2
Laboratoire des Matériaux Inorganiques, Faculté des sciences,
Université Mohamed Boudiaf - M’sila, M’sila, Algérie
3
CNRS, UMR 6226, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de
Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Avenue du Général Leclerc,
CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France
the mixture of cation exchange resin and TiO
2
than with
pure TiO
2
. The description of experimental photocataly-
sis data by means of the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model
was improved by introducing a power parameter in the
original model. From the modified Langmuir–Hinshelwood
model, it could be derived that the addition of increas-
ing resin concentrations to a constant TiO
2
concentration
enhanced the photocatalytic rate constant; however, UV
light penetration in the solution was impeded beyond a
given resin amount. Pseudo-first-order kinetics showed poor
fit of experimental photocatalysis data except for low EV
concentration (< 35 mg/L) at high resin dosage. A syn-
ergistic effect between adsorption and photocatalysis was
seen upon combining the TiO
2
. This composite was more
efficient for the removal of the dye than the use of TiO
2
alone.
Keywords Adsorption · Cation exchange resin · Ethyl
violet · Hybrid process · TiO
2
· UV photocatalysis
1 Introduction
Effluents from textile industries vary depending on the kind
of the manufactured textiles [1]. Some dyes and their by-
products, such as aromatic amines, are potentially toxic.
[2, 3]. Anaerobic metabolites of azo dyes can be carcino-
genic [4]. Therefore, several processes have been used for
the elimination of textile dyes, including physical, chemical
and biological methods [5].
Physical methods used to remove dyes are adsorption,
flocculation, coagulation, electro-flocculation, reverse osmo-
sis, ultrafiltration [6, 7], ion exchange and membrane pro-
cesses [8]. The main drawback of adsorptive separation
processes such as ion exchange is the need for regeneration,
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