Comparative Study of Abstraction in Cyber Physical System Pooja Sobhrajan Swati Y Nikam Computer Engineering Department Information Technology Department DYPIET Pimpri, Pune DYPIET Pimpri, Pune Abstract -- Recent trends in computing include increases in both distribution and wireless connectivity, leading to highly dynamic, complex environments on top of applications that must be built. The way of designing and ensuring the correctness of applications in these environments is becoming more complex. The goal of the research in wireless systems is to provide abstractions of complex low-level concepts to application programmers, easing the design and implementation of applications. Similar to other abstractions, it creates logical collections of sensing devices. Earlier abstractions were focused on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and did not address aspects of Cyber Physical System (CPS). A new class of applications for wireless sensor networks requires similar complexity encapsulation. However, sensor networks have some unique characteristics, including dynamic availability of data sources and application quality of service requirements that are not common to other types of applications. These unique features, combined with the inherent distribution of sensors, limited energy and bandwidth resources, dictate the need for network functionality and the individual sensors to be controlled to best serve the application requirements. Programming abstraction is to make good application design and to reduce algorithmic complexity, inter-component coupling and total lines of code. The abstraction is used to implement several complex applications. Keywords: sensor network, cyber physical system, actuator, communications, computation, programming, software. I. INTRODUCTION Using the Internet we can interact with people and get useful information from wide world in a very short time. Thus, the Internet transformed how humans interact with one another, CPS will transform how we interact with physical world around us. However, there is a gap between the cyber world in which information is transmitted and modified and the physical world in which we live. The last two decades have brought a digital revolution that has transformed the industry. This change is not a choice, but it is determined by fundamental economic and technological long term trends, that have created an environment which allows and requires a wide and varied range of new capabilities. Computer-enabled systems are becoming ubiquitous, complex and often play a critical role. Architectures are moving from isolated embedded control systems to open interactive systems that sense and affect their environment, with essential integration of the cyber and the physical, hence the term “cyber-physical” system. As an example, consider modern cars. They are not only concerned with controlling the operation of engine, brakes, locks, but also with helping the driver be aware of surroundings (other vehicles, people, obstacles), entertainment, and with monitoring system function and tracking maintenance. In addition, there is an explosion of small applications running on mobile devices. A future in which these applications combine and collaborate to provide powerful new functionality, not only in the realm of entertainment and social networking, but also by harnessing the underlying communication and people power for new kinds of cyber crowd sourcing tasks. CPS integrate the dynamics of the physical processes with those of the software and communication, providing abstractions and modelling, design and analysis techniques for the integrated whole. The dynamics among computers, networking and physical systems interact in ways that require fundamentally new design technologies. The technology depends on the multi-disciplines such as embedded systems, computers, communications, etc. and the software is embedded in devices whose mission is not computation alone, e.g. cars, medical devices, scientific instruments, and intelligent transportation systems [3]. The recently appeared CPS term will have to enable the development of a modern vision for the social services that transcend time and space to dimensions never seen before. A complex CPSs definition was given by Shankar Sastry from University of California, Berkeley in 2008: "A CPS integrates computing, communication and storage capabilities with monitoring and/or control of entities in the physical world, and must do so dependably, safety, securely, efficiently and real-time". CPSs are not: the traditional embedded systems or the real-time systems, the today's sensor networks and only desktop applications, but they have certain characteristics that define them, and presented below: (i) Cyber capabilities in every physical component; (ii) Networked at multiple and extreme scale; (iii) Dynamically reconfiguring/reorganizing; (iv) High degrees of automation, the control loops must close; (v) Operation must be dependable and certified in some cases; (vi) Cyber and physical components are integrated for learning. Following are the features of cyber physical system i. Cross-domain sensor sources and data flows: Multiple types of sensors will be adopted at the same time in intelligent CPS applications. Moreover, these cross-domain sensing data will be exchanged over heterogeneous networks. ii. Embedded and mobile sensing: Sensors are no longer static and may have high-degree mobility through carriers such as smart phones and Pooja Sobhrajan et al, / (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (1) , 2014, 466-469 www.ijcsit.com 466