Open Access Library Journal 2020, Volume 7, e6325 ISSN Online: 2333-9721 ISSN Print: 2333-9705 DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1106325 Oct. 23, 2020 1 Open Access Library Journal Comparison of Rapid Diagnosis Test and Nested PCR for HIV Diagnosis in Kinshasa Berry Ikolango Bongenya 1,2* , Ben Ilunga Bulanda 1,2 , Erick Ntambwe Kamangu 1,3 1 Research Group “Focus HIV/AIDS”, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo 2 Faculty of Medicine, Technology University “Bel Campus”, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo 3 Service of Molecular Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo Abstract Background: The need for appropriate methods for the diagnosis, monitor- ing and treatment of HIV infection is increasing in resource-poor settings. Objective: The main objective of this study was to compare the quality of the results of HIV diagnosis by Classical Nested PCR and Rapid Screening Tests (RDTs) in order to contribute to the improvement of the care of People Liv- ing with HIV (PLHIV). Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in Kinshasa. Only people willing to voluntary testing for HIV were selected for this study. Our sample consisted of 100 individuals for voluntary testing for HIV, and of 50 PLHIV who came for their medical ap- pointment. A minimum of 5.0 ml of blood was collected into tubes contain- ing EDTA. After the RDT, the collected blood was transferred at the Labora- tory for molecular analysis. The revelation of the amplification results was made under UV light after electrophoretic migration on agarose gel. Results: On D0, 60 samples were positive and 40 negative for HIV by RDT. After am- plification by Nested DNA PCR, on D0, the gag region gave 65 positive and 35 negative; while the amplification on the pol region gave 63 positive and 37 negative. At the M6, for patients under treatment, 10 samples were positive and 40 negative for HIV using the RDT. After amplification, all the 50 sam- ples collected were positive by Nested DNA PCR on the gag and pol regions. Conclusion: Nested DNA PCR is precise, specific and accurate that RDT es- pecially for the cases of patients under treatment. Subject Areas HIV Keywords Nested DNA PCR, RDT, Diagnosis, HIV, Kinshasa How to cite this paper: Bongenya, B.I., Bulanda, B.I. and Kamangu, E.N. (2020) Comparison of Rapid Diagnosis Test and Nested PCR for HIV Diagnosis in Kinshasa. Open Access Library Journal , 7: e6325. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106325 Received: April 16, 2020 Accepted: October 20, 2020 Published: October 23, 2020 Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and Open Access Library Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access