Cell Transplantation, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 529-536, 1994
p amnn Copyright © 1994 Elsevier Science Ltd
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Original Contribution
CD36
+
-DENDRITIC EPIDERMAL CELLS: A PUTATIVE ACTOR
IN THE CUTANEOUS IMMUNE SYSTEM
MAHMOUD ROUABHIA,*
1
N I C O L A S J O B I N , ! R O B E R T DOUCET, JR., t
JULIE BERGERON,! AND FRANCOIS A. AUGER!
•Laboratoire de Recherche des Grands Brules/LOEX, Hopital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, (Qc), Canada,
G1S 4L8 and tDepartement de Chirurgic, Universite Laval, Faculte de Medecine, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, G1K 7P4, Canada
• Abstract — In the present study we have investigated by
indirect immunofluorescence staining and mixed lymphocyte
reaction methods, the localization, distribution, percentage,
and the immunological involvement of CD36
+
- dendritic
epidermal cells (CD36
+
-DECs) in normal human skin. Hu-
man epidermal cell suspensions were obtained from skin
specimen of healthy persons. First, an indirect immunoflu-
orescent staining method was performed on frozen skin sec-
tions, freshly isolated cells, nonadherent and adherent cells
and second, the allogeneic mixed epidermal cell-lymphocyte
reaction (ELR) method was performed with human periph-
eral blood mononuclear cells and irradiated CD36
+
-DECs
plus CD-la
+
(Langerhans cells) and/ConA (at 10 jcg/mL).
We found that CD36
+
-DECs were localized in the epidermis
mainly in the basal layer. They were non adherent cells. The
percentage of these CD36
+
-DECs was of about 2%. These
CD36
+
-DECs were AE
3
(which recognizes keratin normally
expressed by keratinocytes) positive cells. Our immunoreac-
tivity study using allogeneic mixed ELR, showed that
CD36
+
-DECs stimulated allogeneic lymphocyte prolifera-
tion. Their stimulatory effects were important when Lang-
erhans cells and ConA were added separately or together to
the PBMCs culture. The above results suggest that CD36
+
-
DECs may contribute to the immunological role of skin and
could be involved in cutaneous allograft recognition and re-
jection. Abbreviations: DECs: dendritic epidermal cells;
ConA: concanavalin A; DPM: disintegrations per minute;
ELR: epidermal cell-lymphocyte reaction; LC: Langerhans
cells; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
• Keywords - Skin; Dendritic cells; OKM5; CD36+-DECs.
INTRODUCTION
The skin is an organ of sharp contrasts. It is the most
exposed and vulnerable tissue. It is composed of numer-
ous highly specialized cells actively engaged in protec-
tive functions (14,16). For many years, it was believed
that skin could be a target for immune-mediated dam-
ages but had no direct role in immune function. How-
ever, the passive role of skin in immune events is no
longer a tenable theory. Over the last 20 years, it has
become clear that skin represents the peripheral arm of
the immune system. It is composed of several cellular
components (epidermal Langerhans cells, epidermal T
cells, keratinocytes, etc). Together, these components
play a major role in skin immunogenicity (3,4,11,14,
23). However, despite multiple scientific investigations
on cutaneous tissue, the skin remains an enigmatic
organ. Indeed, recently a new cell type has been iden-
tified on normal and diseased human skin. This sub-
population of cutaneous cells express the blood
monocyte antigen CD36 (8,15,22). These cells were
identified in the last decade as macrophages (21), mod-
erately dendritic cells with a CD45-positive phenotype.
However, there are controversial results with regard to
their HLA-DR antigen expression. Indeed, some groups
have reported a HLA-DR-negative CD36
+
-DECs (9)
and other groups have found a HLA-DR-positive
CD36
+
-DECs (6,7). Until now, all informations on
CD36
+
-DECs were generated from frozen normal and
diseased skin biopsies, using immunohistological and
ultrastructural assessment. However, several questions
are still to be answered such as: Do these CD36
+
-DECs
express one or more keratinocyte specific antigens? Are
these cells adherent like keratinocytes or nonadherent
like Langerhans cells? What is the percentage of these
cells in normal human skin? Functionally, do these cells
play an active role in skin immunogenicity?
The objective of the present studies was to answer
these questions using immunofluorescence staining and
ACCEPTED 7 /6/94. *To whom correspondence should be addressed.
529