Management 2012, 2(5): 221-231
DOI: 10.5923/j.mm.20120205.11
Safety Management of Small-Sized Chemical Waste
Treatement Facilities in Victoria, Australia
Manikam Pillay
VIOSH, School of Health Sciences, University of Ballarat, Ballarat, Australia
Abstract With the increased use of chemicals in industry, facilities for treating chemical wastes are becoming an
important part of the modern society. In Australia, chemical waste treatment facilities are largely small – sized businesses,
employing less than twenty people. Because of their small size these facilities have generally escaped the attention of
regulators, researchers and policy advisors. This is a significant concern because many of these facilities may continue to
operate with substandard safety practices and, if left unchecked, these facilities are prime candidates for organizational
disasters and major accidents.This paper discusses the findings of a pilot study investigation undertaken to assess safety
management practices across a sample of small-sized chemical waste treatment facilities in the state of Victoria, Australia.
Results of this study provide useful information to waste, environment and health and safety advocacy groups, researchers,
employees and employers interested in prevention of chemical related incidents, and to government agencies involved in the
regulatory administration of safety.
Keywords Chemical Waste Treatment Facilities, Safety MAP, Small Business
1. Introduction
Chemical waste treatment facilities (CWTFs) have
become an important part of the modern society because of
the relatively high reliance of chemicals. According to the
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) estimates there are
about 2667 such facilities employing over 26000 employees
directly, with over 5900 in other associated industries[1].
Most of these are small businesses employing less than ten
people involved in a range of activities such as
transportation, recovery or recycling, treatment and disposal.
Due to the hazardous nature of products they deal with
CWTFs not only pose public health risks but are also prime
candidates for chemical – related fires and explosions.
In order to manage such risks a range of legislative
controls have been implemented. In Victoria, Australia,
these include the Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004
(OHSA), the Dangerous Goods Act 1985 (DGA), the
Dangerous Goods (Storage and Handling) Regulations 2000
(DGSHR) and the Occupational Health and Safety
Regulations 2007 (OHSR). OHSA requires chemical waste
treatment facilities (CWTFs) to provide and maintain a safe
working environment, safe plant and systems of work, make
arrangements for safe use, handling, storage and transport
of substances, maintain workplaces and welfare facilities,
* Corresponding author:
pillay.manikam@gmail.com (Manikam Pillay)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/mm
Copyright © 2012 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
and provide information, instruction, training and
supervision for employees[2]. DGA and DGSHR 2000
require CWTFs to notify the safety regulator if they stored
or handled dangerous goods above specified threshold
quantities, and of any chemical related incidents such as
spills, explosions and/or fires[3]. Some CWTFs may also be
subjected to major hazard facility (MHF) requirements if
quantities of chemicals they dealt with exceeded specified
thresholds[4]. Such CWTFs fall under the state’s safety
case regime and are required to identify all hazards likely to
cause a major incident, conduct safety assessments, adopt
control measures, and develop and implement a safety case,
a safety management system and emergency plans[5].
The safety legislation is performance based and modelled
on the self-regulation in line with that suggested by
Roben’s[6]and adopted by most European countries. This
approach gives industry the opportunity to establish its own
standards, benchmarks and enables organisations to adopt
management systems. Hence, irrespective of the size of an
organisation, the legal requirements of safety are the same,
so developing, implementing and maintaining a safe system
of work, managing safety risks, consulting and those
dealing with documentation and training are identical and
enforceable to the same extent. However the small-sized
nature of their businesses means most CWTFs generally
escape the attention of safety regulators, policy makers, and
researchers, with many continuing to operate with poor
and/or substandard safety practices. Limited efforts have
been directed at examining the safety performance and the
effectiveness of safety management at these facilities. This