Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Industrial Crops & Products journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/indcrop New microcapsules based on isosorbide for cosmetotextile: Preparation and characterization Maroua Ben Abdelkader a,b, ⁎ , Nedra Azizi a , Ayda Baffoun c , Yves Chevalier b , Mustapha Majdoub a a Laboratoire des Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés (LIMA), Faculté des Sciences, Université de Monastir, bd de l’Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia b Laboratoire d’Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, UMR CNRS 5007, 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France c Unité de Recherche Matériaux et Procédés Textiles, Université de Monastir, École Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Monastir, av Ibn Eljazzar, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia ARTICLE INFO Keywords: Neroline Isosorbide Polyurethane microcapsule Impregnation Cosmetotextile Release ABSTRACT The preparation of polyurethane bio-based microcapsules containing the neroline fragrance aimed at cosme- totextile applications was investigated. The polyurethane shell material was synthesized by interfacial poly- condensation using isosorbide and hexane diisocyanate as monomers. Chemical characterization by means of IR-ATR and TGA confirmed the formation of a polyurethane wall and the fragrance encapsulation up to 73% of the dry microcapsules. The physicochemical characterization of neroline-loaded microcapsules was carried out, including thermal properties, size distribution, morphology and zeta potential. The spherical microcapsules of size ranging between 2 μm and 100 μm had a rough external surface. Their thermal stability up to 260 °C was favorable regarding their application to deposition onto textile fibers. According to their IsoElectrical Point of 5.38, these microparticles were anionic at neutral pH. An iso- sorbide-based cationic surfactant has been adsorbed at the surface of the microcapsules for charge reversal into cationic and stronger binding to negatively charged cotton fabric. Besides, neroline-loaded microcapsules were fixed on pure cotton fabric by an impregnation technique. The reality and durability of the textile treatment were assessed by SEM and Gas Chromatography analysis. The cotton knitted fabric treated with fragrant microcapsules progressively released its microcapsule content; sig- nificant amount of residual neroline remained until 40 washing cycles. 1. Introduction Microencapsulation technology is a growing area where micro- capsules act as small containers of active materials to be released from their inner core under controlled conditions for specific purposes (Benita, 2005; Giamberini et al., 2015; Rodrigues et al., 2009). Thereby, this technology provides improved performance and increased dur- ability of encapsulated materials in various application fields (Cheng et al., 2008; Martins et al., 2014). Hence, microencapsulation is used to obtain products with high added technical value (Benita, 2005; Casanova and Santos, 2016; Martins et al., 2014; Teixeira et al., 2012a). Textile industry has also recently implemented novel technologies for applications in various fields, especially the cosmetic one (Persico and Carfagna, 2013; Teixeira et al., 2012b). The concept of smart textile has been introduced and several commercial cosmetotextile products are currently available in the market. On contact with human body, these products are designed to transfer to the skin an active material for cosmetic purposes (Persico and Carfagna, 2013). The majority of cur- rently commercialized microcapsules are elaborated from thermoset- ting aminoplast resins which are prone to several drawbacks. In parti- cular, they may contain residual formaldehyde that is a human carcinogen product and their degradation released formaldehyde. In addition, aminoplast resin is derived from petro-chemistry, which is a non-renewable resource (Rodrigues et al., 2008). A current trend is going beyond by producing cosmetic loaded-mi- croparticles from renewable resources, leading to green and bio- sourced materials (Azizi et al., 2014; Delebecq et al., 2012). This is expressed by the tremendous increase of the number of publications on bio-based polymers as specified by both ISI Web of Sciences and Thomas Innovations (Babu et al., 2013). The first generation of such new polymers focused on deriving polymers from agricultural feedstocks like corn, potatoes, and other https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.07.020 Received 11 February 2018; Received in revised form 27 June 2018; Accepted 10 July 2018 ⁎ Corresponding author at: Laboratoire des Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés (LIMA), Faculté des Sciences, Université de Monastir, bd de l’Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia. E-mail address: benabdelkadermaroua@gmail.com (M. Ben Abdelkader). Industrial Crops & Products 123 (2018) 591–599 0926-6690/ © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. T