Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Kesehatan, Vol. 13, No. 1 Maret 2010 z 23 Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Kesehatan PERANCANGAN SISTEM KERJA YANG ERGONOMIS DI INDUSTRI PEMELIHARAAN LOKOMOTIF “BALAI YASA YOGYAKARTA” Studi Gerakan dan Posisi Kerja Sebagai Kontribusi Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Perkeretaapian ERGONOMIC WORK SYSTEM DESIGN IN LOCOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE INDUSTRY “BALAI YASA YOGYAKARTA” Motion and Working Position Study as Contribution for Application of Occupational Safety and Health Management System of Railway Affairs Widodo Hariyono 1 , Soebijanto 2 , Adi Heru Husodo 3 , Lientje Setyawati Maurits 4 1 Program Studi IKM, FKM Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 2 Bagian Anatomi, FK UGM, Yogyakarta 3 Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, FK UGM, Yogyakarta 4 Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Kerja, FK UGM, Yogyakarta ABSTRACT Background: Balai Yasa PT Kereta Api (Persero) Yogyakarta is the only diesel locomotive maintenance industry operating in Java Island that has a major role in determining the successfulness of whole train transportation mode operated. A ‘new’ locomotive it produces indicates locomotive system reliability operating. This is a result of a reliable maintaining process. Balai Yasa Yogyakarta applies manual process in doing its job. It means that the operator uses his hands to fix the problems. In the meantime, working process in some units are not ergonomics from the point of motion, working position, and operator working hour. Besides, the application of Occupational Safety and Health Management System is not integrated with industry management system. This can lead to risks such as accident and illness of work, ineffective and not efficient work, and finally produces unqualified products. Objective: Based on (1) strategic task of Balai Yasa Yogyakarta, (2) product and work system produced, (3) operator interest on occupational safety and health in production process, and (4) Occupational Safety and Health Management System interest in locomotive maintenance industry, the research conducted in order to discover (a) an ergonomic work system, on motion and operator working position, (b) time duration in production process of work unit, (c) audit result of Occupational Safety and Health Management System can be applied as an integrated department with industry management system. Method: This is a non-experimental and observational research using modelling style and evaluating in nature. Result: (1) In nine work stations representing complete work process characters, the operators show unergonomics motion and working position. It risks work accident and illness, non optimum work gain because of improper motion and working position. It needs total recovery in operator motion and their working position in two standards: standing or sitting must be in straight back. (2) Time duration, work hour for a locomotive is 143 hours normally. This can be the guideline to arrange a standard in operator motion and their working position based on time duration. (3) Occupational Safety and Health Management System has done the audit and the standard parameter result is 11%. The absence of Occupational Safety and Health Committee causes occupational safety and health run in non standard application. Occupational Safety and Health Management System must be integrated in total industry management system. Conclusion: Balai Yasa Yogyakarta has not applied Occupational Safety and Health Management System and ergonomic program, so that it must implement ergonomic program and Occupational Safety and Health Management System. Keywords: ergonomics, occupational safety and health management system, railway affairs, work system design ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Balai Yasa PT Kereta Api (Persero) Yogyakarta merupakan satu-satunya industri (pabrik) pemeliharaan lokomotif diesel dan kereta rel diesel yang beroperasi di Pulau Jawa, sehingga menentukan seluruh operasionalisasi moda transpor kereta api. Lokomotif ‘baru’ yang dihasilkan menjadi penentu kehandalan sistem lokomotif yang beroperasi. Hal tersebut ditentukan oleh proses kerja pemeliharaan yang handal pula. Adapun proses kerja di Balai Yasa Yogyakarta dilakukan secara manual , yaitu operator langsung menangani berbagai komponen dengan ketrampilan tangan mereka. Saat ini proses kerja yang berlangsung pada berbagai unit kerja masih belum ergonomis, ditinjau dari segi gerakan, posisi kerja, dan waktu kerja para operator. Selain itu, Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) belum diterapkan secara integral dengan sistem manajemen industri. Persoalan tersebut mengakibatkan risiko terjadinya kecelakaan dan penyakit akibat kerja, kerja yang tidak efektif dan efisien, dan akibatnya dihasilkan mutu produk yang tidak optimal. Tujuan: Berdasarkan pada (1) tugas strategis Balai Yasa Yogyakarta, (2) kehandalan produk dan sistem kerja, (3) kepentingan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja operator yang melakukan proses produksi, (4) kepentingan SMK3 dalam industri pemeliharaan lokomotif, maka tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui (a) bentuk sistem kerja yang ergonomis, ditinjau dari segi gerakan dan posisi kerja para operator pada stasiun JURNAL MANAJEMEN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN VOLUME 13 No. 01 Maret z 2010 Halaman 23 - 32 Artikel Penelitian brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Kesehatan