Modeling and Experimental Studies of Emulsion
Copolymerization Systems. III. Acrylics
ENRIQUE SALDI
´
VAR,
1
ODAIR ARAUJO,
2
REINALDO GIUDICI,
3
CARLOS GUERRERO-SA
´
NCHEZ
1
1
CID-GIRSA, Av. Sauces 87 Mza.6 Lerma Me ´xico
2
Rhodia S. A., Usina Quı ´mica de Paulı ´nia, 13140-000, SP Brasil
3
Dept. de Engenharia Quı ´mica, Universidade de Sa ˜o Paulo, 05424-970, SP, Brasil
Received 27 September 2000; accepted 6 March 2001
Published online 27 February 2002
ABSTRACT: Using a previously published model and continuing the series of papers
started with styrenic copolymers, predictions for evolution of conversion and average
particle diameter in batch experiments are compared against experimental data for
four emulsion copolymerizations involving at least one acrylic monomer: (1) methyl
methacrylate/butyl acrylate, (2) methyl methacrylate/butadiene, (3) methyl methacry-
late–vinyl acetate, and (4) butyl acrylate/vinyl acetate. For each system a fraction of
factorial experiments were run covering simultaneous variations in five variables:
initiator [I] and surfactant [E] concentrations, water to monomer ratio (W/M), monomer
composition, and temperature. Data fitting is performed to represent the experimental
data as several parameters are not available from independent experimental sources.
The model is able to explain the effects of simultaneous changes in emulsifier concen-
tration, initiator concentration, and water to monomer ratio on conversion and average
particle size histories, although in some cases only qualitatively. An assessment of the
degree in which a general emulsion copolymerization model is useful for practical
applications is made. Physical insight is also gained by observing the trends of adjusted
parameters with temperature and copolymer composition. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J
Appl Polym Sci 84: 1320 –1338, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10003
Key words: emulsion copolymerization; mathematical modeling
INTRODUCTION
The first part of this series of papers included
experimental results for a number of copolymer
systems produced by emulsion polymerization. In
the second part, more detailed experimental re-
sults and comparison with model simulations
were presented for the styrenic copolymerization
systems studied. In this third part the focus is on
experimental data and simulations for the acrylic
systems, specifically methyl methacrylate/butyl
acrylate, methyl methacrylate/butadiene, methyl
methacrylate/vinyl acetate, and butyl acrylate/vi-
nyl acetate.
This is the first work published in which an
extensive set of data for several emulsion copoly-
merization systems is used to assess the applica-
bility of a general mathematical model in terms of
its ability to fit and explain experimental data of
conversion, particle size, and copolymer composi-
tion. The task of modeling with some generality
this type of systems is formidable, due to the
complexity of emulsion copolymerization and the
peculiarities of each specific pair of monomers.
Correspondence to: E. Saldı ´var (esaldiva@mail.girsa.
com.mx).
Contract grant sponsors: CID-GIRSA, CNPq, and FAPESP.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 84, 1320 –1338 (2002)
© 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
1320