Local Elements Defining Transitional Spaces as a Territorial Strategy at an Urban Village in the City of Yogyakarta, Indonesia Tika Ainunnisa Fitria 1,2* , Mohd Hisyam Rasidi 1 , Ismail Said 1 , Rohana Firdaus 1 1 Landscape Architecture, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81310, Malaysia 2 Architecture, Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55292, Indonesia Corresponding Author Email: tikafitria@unisayogya.ac.id https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170616 ABSTRACT Received: 9 June 2022 Accepted: 6 August 2022 Urban villages, known as kampungs in Yogyakarta, are currently experiencing a gradual decline in providing social space due to their spatial transformation to support tourism, including Prawirotaman. Prawirotaman had been a neighbourhood for the Sultan’s soldiers in the 19th century; it was later transformed into a kampung for tourists in the 1980s. This transformation affected the territorial claims of the transitional spaces. In contrast, the transitional spaces in Prawirotaman have now become gathering spaces accommodating the daily neighbourly lives. Hence, this study aimed to define transitional space through its local elements relating to the residents’ territorial behaviour towards the spatial transformation due to tourism. The data consisted of residents’ interaction behaviours and physical settings collected from interviews and observations using GPS and manual drawing. The analysis uses behaviour mapping and spatial configuration approaches assisted by ArcGIS and SketchUp. The observations were conducted based on the Muslim daily prayer times. This research defines that the transitional space becomes a residents' territorial strategy in maintaining their social space amid the transformation due to tourism through their behaviour in using and placing local elements. Keywords: territorial behaviour, spatial transformation, transitional space, urban village, behaviour mapping 1. INTRODUCTION Many urban villages in major cities in Asia have transformed their spatial function to serve tourism activities. This transformation can be seen in Chatang Village in China [1], Chung Cheng historical road in Tamsui, Taiwan [2], Gamcheon Culture Village, Busan [3], and Morten Village, Malaysia [4]. Tourism development has also occurred in the city of Yogyakarta, especially in its urban villages called kampungs, including Prawirotaman. Kampungs in Yogyakarta were built in the Sultanate era and developed spontaneously during the Dutch colonisation [5, 6]. Prawirotaman in the 19th century was dedicated to the residences of the Sultan’s soldiers. In the 1960s until 1970s, Prawirotaman was a centre of batik industry. Then, it has become a tourist kampung since the 1980s for low-budget accommodation; batik workshops were modified into tourist accommodation [7], and houses were converted into homestays and other tourist facilities such as restaurants and pubs. The changes in land ownership and space privatization have led to the transformation of transitional spaces, as illustrated in Figure 1. Prawirotaman has faced territory deprivation and territory reinforcement, a territorial conflict between tourism and residents. The urban villages often experience spatial and social problems due to plans and policies [8]; there is physical transformation and change in residents’ activities [9]. For the residents, transitional spaces such as streets, alleys, aisles, house yards, and terraces are territories used for daily and social activities. This relationship signifies that kampung residents and transitional spaces cannot be separated. (a) space privatization (b) land ownership change Figure 1. Spatial transformation due to tourism in Prawirotaman Transitional spaces accommodate pedestrian activities and vehicular traffic simultaneously. For instance, a pedestrian area, a children’s playground, a cycling area, and a parking lot occupy the same street [10]. It is defined as circulation and social spaces [11] and shared spaces [12] that play a role in facilitating the residents’ social interaction [13]. Likewise, it has become a habit for Prawirotaman residents from time to time to use transitional spaces for community gatherings (see Figure 2). They understand how to use the spaces in their neighbourhood efficiently and creatively for their purposes [13] and even have a desire to dominate them [14]. For example, the residents placed street furniture in the form of local elements such as lincak (bamboo seat), dingklik (short wooden seat), badukan (cement seat), and tiker (mat) in the transitional spaces within their kampung. The street furniture International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning Vol. 17, No. 6, October, 2022, pp. 1821-1829 Journal homepage: http://iieta.org/journals/ijsdp 1821