Health, 2017, 9, 425-434
http://www.scirp.org/journal/health
ISSN Online: 1949-5005
ISSN Print: 1949-4998
DOI: 10.4236/health.2017.93030 March 10, 2017
The Effect of Cardiovascular Responses after
Aerobic Exercise in Menstrual Cycle
Joonsung Park, Mi-Song Kim, Hosung Nho, Kyung-Ae Kim, Jong-Kyung Kim, Hyun-Min Choi
*
Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
Abstract
Purpose: We investigated the effect of menstrual cycle on the cardiovascular
responses during recovery period from exercise. 10 healthy women were par-
ticipated in the early follicular phase (EP: low estrogen and low progesterone:
1 - 4 days) and the late follicular phase (LP: high estrogen and low progeste-
rone: 10 - 13 days) during menstrual cycle. Methods: All subjects completed a
graded cycling exercise testing to determine the relative exercise intensity. All
subjects were assessed systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure
(DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), car-
diac output (CO), and total vascular conductance (TVC) at resting and during
recovery period from moderated cycling exercise during EP and LP. Results:
During EP, compared with LP, resting SBP and MAP were higher and TVC was
lower (p < 0.05). During recovery from exercise, SBP and MAP were higher and
TVC lower during EP compared with LP (p < 0.05). There were no differences
in HR, SV and CO in both phases. Conclusions: This study could be increased
the peripheral vasoconstriction in low estrogen levels. And during early follicu-
lar phase with low estrogen level, it may maintain an increased blood pressure
during recovery period following cycling. We suggest that the timing of the
menstrual cycle should be considered when measuring blood pressure during
clinical exercise testing.
Keywords
Early Follicular Phase, Late Follicular Phase, Estrogen,
Cardiovascular Response, Healthy Women
1. Introduction
Menopause intensifies the risk of cardiovascular disease drastically in women com-
pared with men of the same age by increasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDLC) levels and blood pressure [1]. For this reason, measures have been devised
How to cite this paper: Park, J., Kim,
M.-S., Nho, H., Kim, K.-A., Kim, J.-K. and
Choi, H.-M. (2017) The Effect of Cardiova-
scular Responses after Aerobic Exercise in
Menstrual Cycle. Health, 9, 425-434.
https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2017.93030
Received: January 8, 2017
Accepted: March 7, 2017
Published: March 10, 2017
Copyright © 2017 by authors and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access