The Place of Transference in Psychosocial Research
Ian Parker
Manchester Metropolitan University
Psychoanalysis provides a complex discursive matrix for making sense of, or unrav-
eling the existing sense of, textual material in social research. However, the relationship
between psychoanalytic work in the clinic and psychoanalytic social research poses a
series of questions for those working in each domain. The relationship opened up new
fields of enquiry, of empirical and theoretical research, but it also now gives rise to
empirical and theoretical problems. This paper is concerned with the elaboration of
clinical concepts in the emerging field of psychosocial research, with a particular focus
on the use of transference. The paper distinguishes 3 versions of transference in the
psychoanalytic tradition, drawing attention to the importance of an “intersubjective”
conception of transference in psychosocial research as an alternative to “attachment”
models that appeal to mainstream empiricist approaches to psychological inquiry. The
third version of transference elaborated in Lacanian psychoanalysis, one concerned
with signification, is used to ground an analysis of the clinic as specific space in which
the phenomenon manifests itself. Analysis of the clinic as “transferential space” enables
us to conceptualize the place of psychoanalysis in the clinic and to question the
extrapolation of transference to social research. The paper concludes with a consider-
ation of generalized transference outside the clinic.
Keywords: psychoanalysis, Lacan, transference, research, clinic
Psychoanalysis faces a problem that arises
from its apparent success as an interpretative
paradigm. The problem is that what was once
thought to be particular to clinical practice has
become universalized, and this by way of a
surreptitious infiltration of psychoanalytic ex-
planation through the human sciences so that it
functions as an interpretive matrix that confirms
the shape of a world it expects to find instead of
changing it—and this problem may even be said
to afflict those who use psychoanalysis with
radical intent (e.g., Clarke & Hoggett, 2009;
Hollway & Jefferson, 2000).
The emergence of psychosocial research as a
distinct field of conceptual and empirical work
promises to connect our understanding of the
individual with an exploration of social pro-
cesses, but the use of psychoanalysis as a dom-
inant framework has been contentious (Frosh &
Baraitser, 2008). The role of transference as a
motif in this research is particularly indicative
of the problematic role of psychoanalytic the-
ory, particularly use of the work of Klein
(1986). The term transference in this research is
used to describe the way significant relation-
ships from the past, of an interviewee for ex-
ample, are replicated in the intersubjective
space of the interview, and it is assumed that
these past relationships are communicated to
the researcher who then attends to them as their
own countertransference. Proponents of psy-
chosocial research now argue, for example, that
interview material can be interpreted in terms of
“unconscious intersubjective dynamics” and in-
cludes illustrative focus on the case of “mother
and daughter transferences and countertransfer-
ences” (Hollway & Jefferson, 2000, p. 52). In
this work there is the claim that transference and
countertransference can be deployed to make
sense of social phenomena (Hollway, 2008).
These are the methodological cornerstones of a
theory of the “defended subject” (Hollway &
Jefferson, 2000), one which privileges Kleinian
psychoanalysis.
Ian Parker, Division of Psychology and Social Change,
Manchester Metropolitan University.
I thank the reviewers of the earlier version of this paper
for their sharp, helpful comments which have, I think,
improved the argument.
Correspondence concerning this article should be ad-
dressed to Ian Parker, Discourse Unit, Department of Psy-
chology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Gaskell
Campus, Hathersage Road, Manchester, M13 0JA, UK.
E-mail: i.a.parker@mmu.ac.uk
Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology © 2010 American Psychological Association
2010, Vol. 30, No. 1, 17–31 1068-8471/10/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0019104
17
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