Citation: Fadhal, E.; Akbulut, A.;
Kaplan, M.; Awadalla, M.; Abuasbeh,
K. Extraction of Exact Solutions of
Higher Order Sasa-Satsuma Equation
in the Sense of Beta Derivative.
Symmetry 2022, 14, 2390. https://
doi.org/10.3390/sym14112390
Academic Editors: Ji-Huan He,
Muhammad Nadeem and Ioan Ra¸ sa
Received: 10 October 2022
Accepted: 5 November 2022
Published: 11 November 2022
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symmetry
S S
Article
Extraction of Exact Solutions of Higher Order Sasa-Satsuma
Equation in the Sense of Beta Derivative
Emad Fadhal
1
, Arzu Akbulut
2
, Melike Kaplan
3
, Muath Awadalla
1,
* and Kinda Abuasbeh
1
1
Department of Mathematics and Statics, Collage of Science, King Faisal University,
Hafuf, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Mathematics, Art-Science Faculty, Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
3
Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University,
37150 Kastamonu, Turkey
* Correspondence: mawadalla@kfu.edu.sa
Abstract: Nearly every area of mathematics, natural, social, and engineering now includes research
into finding exact answers to nonlinear fractional differential equations (NFDES). In order to discover
the exact solutions to the higher order Sasa-Satsuma equation in the sense of the beta derivative,
the paper will discuss the modified simple equation (MSE) and exponential rational function (ERF)
approaches. In general, symmetry and travelling wave solutions of the Sasa-Satsuma equation
have a common correlation with each other, thus we reduce equations from wave transformations to
ordinary differential equations with the help of Lie symmetries. Actually, we can say that wave moves
are symmetrical. The considered procedures are effective, accurate, simple, and straightforward to
compute. In order to highlight the physical characteristics of the solutions, we also provide 2D and
3D plots of the results.
Keywords: beta derivative; sasa satsuma equation; wave transformations; exact solutions
PACS: 02.30 Jr; 02.70.Wz; 04.20.Jb
1. Introduction
Nowadays, academic researchers deal with many physical phenomena in plasma
physics, physical chemistry, geophysics, fluid mechanics, nonlinear optics, electromagnetic
theory, and fluid motion, and their mathematical models are expressed by NFDEs [1,2].
These equations are commonly used in various scientific disciplines and have been investi-
gated from different viewpoints [3]. The exact solutions of these equations have gained
more and more interest. For this reason, a lot of different techniques have been dealt with
by researchers. Among this research, the following ones can be listed, for instance, Hosseini
et al. derived new exact solutions of a new (4+1)-dimensional Burgers equation [4]. Dehin-
gia et al. applied the Hopf-bifurcation [5]. Mirzazadeh et al. worked on the second-order
nonlinear Schrödinger equation with weakly nonlocal and parabolic laws [6]. Aktar et al.
obtained the soliton solutions of a biological model [7]. Mathanaranjan et al. applied the
sinh-Gordon procedure [8]. Jannat et al. constructed different types of travelling wave
solutions for the considered equation by employing the Auto-Backlund transformations [9].
Ala et al. applied the improved Bernoulli sub-equation function procedure [10]. Kaplan
and Akbulut utilized the modified Kudryashov approach [11], Hosseini et al. used the
homotopy analysis method (HAM) [12], Mahmood et al. utilized discrete fractional opera-
tors [13], Mohammed et al. employed discrete CF-fractional operators [14], Arshed et al.
utilized the modified auxiliary equation (MAE) method [15].
The limit relationships between solitary wave solutions and periodic wave solutions,
which correspond to the outer and inner trajectories of asymmetric homoclinic trajectories,
were explored by the authors in [16]. We deal with the wave transformations, which
Symmetry 2022, 14, 2390. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14112390 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/symmetry