EPSC Abstracts
Vol. 15, EPSC2021-227, 2021
https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc2021-227
Europlanet Science Congress 2021
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Dynamical characterisation of small asteroid family members by
an occultation astrometry survey
Luana Liberato
1,2
, Paolo Tanga
1
, Rodrigo Leiva
1,3
, and Federica Spoto
4
1
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304
Nice Cedex 4, France
2
Grupo de Dinâmica Orbital e Planetologia, UNESP – São Paulo State University, CEP 12516-410, Guaratinguetá, SP, Brazil
3
Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Camino del Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
4
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., MS 15, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Up to now, we know that there are more than 100 asteroid families in the main asteroid belt with
over 130000 objects as members[1]. These families are created from impact(s)on a (parent)
asteroid, which generates countless fragments with approximately the same initial orbit. The study
of the asteroid families can provide information on the events that originated the family, the
dynamical evolution of their members, and the evolution of other bodies in the main asteroid belt.
The classification and age estimation of these families is a massive work that requires the knowledge
of many physical properties of their members, such as the albedo, diameter, mass, and the
determining parameter, the Yarkovsky drift[2]. The Yarkovsky effect is an important parameter that
can be used as a clock to the family age estimation, and also to derive asteroid density. The lack of
data, mainly the Yarkovsky drift, makes it hard to obtain unbiased estimates of the ages of the
families, especially for those with a small number of members[3]. As the ground-based direct
imaging astrometry accuracy deteriorates considerably with the asteroid’s distance. Hence, the
Yarkovsky drift used to calibrate the ages of asteroid families in the main belt comes from
measurements on Near-Earth Asteroids[4]. These are better obtained since the NEAs usually have
accurate orbits, which is crucial for Yarkovsky drift measurements. Therefore, to obtain the drift rate
we need very precise astrometric measurements from the asteroids, currently provided in the Gaia
DR2 catalogue for about 14000 asteroids [5]. But to increase the sample, we take advantage of the
stellar occultation technique, which consists of observing the exact time of the event where an
object passes in front of a star and block its light for a brief moment. That is a powerful observation
technique that can provide high accuracy astrometric measurements, reaching uncertainties on the
order of a few milliarcseconds, without the need for significantly large telescopes and special
equipment. That level of precision is only possible thanks to the Gaia mission because having a
precise position of the stars decreases the uncertainty in the astrometry for other bodies. GaiaDR3,
planned for next spring (See Paolo Tanga’s presentation), will considerably improve the amount of
epoch astrometry of asteroids already available in Gaia DR2, by a factor of10. Using Gaia data and
stellar occultation technique, we can obtain direct high accuracy astrometry and measure the size,
position, shape and even the presence of a companion or a ring around the occulting body. If the
uncertainty in the astrometry is small enough, we can measure the Yarkovsky drift on the asteroid.