1174 https://oamjms.eu/index.php/mjms/index
Scientifc Foundation SPIROSKI, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022 Jun 15; 10(E):1174-1177.
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9986
eISSN: 1857-9655
Category: E - Public Health
Section: Public Health Disease Control
Nutrition Education Regarding the Glycemic Index on the
Knowledge of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Eliza Eliza
1
*, Sumarman Sumarman
2
, Andi Eka Yunianto
3
, Dzul Fadly
4
1
Politeknik Kesehatan Palembang, Ministry of Health, Palembang, Indonesia;
2
Public Health Offce of South Sumatera
Province, Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia;
3
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Siliwangi,
Tasikmalaya, Indonesia;
4
Department of Food Technology, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Indonesia
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Knowledge is one of the keys to diabetes management. Increasing knowledge is an effort to improve
their lifestyle to maintain the stability of their blood sugar, one of which is through the media booklet. The booklet is an
infuential media in nutrition education to improve diabetes mellitus patient knowledge related to the glycemic index.
AIM: This study aims to analyze the effect of nutrition education on the knowledge of DM patients about the glycemic
index.
METHODS: It was quantitative research using a quasi-experimental research design, with a pre-test and post-test
design with a control group. The total sample consisted of 46 respondents: A treatment group (23 respondents) and
a comparison group (23 respondents). Nutrition education was conducted through poster media in the control group
and booklet media in the treatment group, given 3 times for 2 weeks in patients with diabetes. The Mann–Whitney
test was used to analyze the respondent’s glycemic index characteristics and intake in the treatment and control,
while paired t-test was conducted to determine the difference in the respondents’ level of knowledge before and after
the intervention.
RESULTS: The dependent t-test showed a signifcant difference in the average knowledge before and after the
nutritional counseling with booklet media in the treatment group, p = 0.024 (α < 0.005).
CONCLUSION: Nutrition education program regarding the glycemic index through booklet media was the potential
to increase patients’ nutritional knowledge.
Edited by: Sasho Stoleski
Citation: Eliza E, Sumarman S, Yunianto AE, Fadly D.
Nutrition Education Regarding the Glycemic Index
on the Knowledge of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.
OpenAccess Maced J Med Sci. 2022 Jun 15; 10(E):1174-1177.
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9986
Keywords: Booklet; Nutrition education; Glycemic index;
Knowledge; Diabetes mellitus
*Correspondence: Eliza Eliza, Palembang Health
Polytechnic, Ministry of Health, Palembang, Indonesia.
E-mail: eliza_limar@yahoo.co.id
Received: 28-Apr-2022
Revised: 18-May-2022
Accepted: 05-Jun-2022
Copyright: © 2022 Eliza Eliza, Sumarman Sumarman,
Andi Eka Yunianto, Dzul Fadly
Funding: This research did not receive any fnancial
support
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no
competing interests exist
Open Access: This is an open-access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic
disorder disease through its complications and
severely impacts an individual’s quality of life [1], [2].
The prevalence of diabetes and its increasing number
of sufferers worldwide can be devastating to the
development of health care systems and economies in
developing countries. The World Health Organization
(WHO) states that the number of people with diabetes
is increasing rapidly. According to the International
Diabetes Federation (IDF), people with diabetes in
Indonesia were 7291.9 in 2011 to 19,465.1 in 2021 [3].
It is supported by the previous research showing that
diabetes prevalence had increased by about 6.20% [4].
The increasing prevalence of diabetes requires
a new approach to its management. Foods with high
carbohydrate content and a high glycemic index and
glycemic load can increase the risk of diabetes [5].
A low glycemic index has been proposed as a valuable
means of managing the glucose response [6]. The
previous studies have shown that adopting a low GI
diet in diabetic people is helpful for glycemic control and
can reduce body weight [7]. Therefore, broad and clear
knowledge is needed to ensure that the GI diet plays a
role in controlling complications caused by diabetes [8].
Education is needed to increase the knowledge
of diabetics. The previous studies found a positive
impact of diabetes education on self-management by
diabetics [9]. The information process supports them
in gaining the good knowledge needed to practice
self-care so that the goals of diabetes therapy are
achieved. It requires proper health promotion to change
a better lifestyle for diabetics [10]. So far, the provision
of interventions to diabetic patients is only limited to
knowledge of dietary regulation but not yet specifcally
knowledge about the glycemic index of food. This study
aims to analyze the effect of nutrition education on the
knowledge of DM patients.
Methods
Study design
This research was conducted at the Palembang
Social Health Center. The allocation of research time