Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) to Stormwater Permits Handbook
Christine Ruf, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency;Dean Maraldo, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency; Menchu Martinez, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Jamie Fowler,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Bob Newport, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency;
Jack Faulk, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Kellie DuBay, Tetra Tech, Inc., Jessica Koenig, Tetra Tech, Inc.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water, (4503-T) 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20004
ABSTRACT
Stormwater runoff is a significant contributor to water quality impairments across the country,
particularly runoff from developing and urbanized areas. Currently there are thousands of Clean
Water Act (CWA) section 303(d) listed waters impaired for stormwater-source pollutants such as
pathogens, nutrients, sediments and metals. To effectively address these impairments it is
important to strengthen connections between two key federal programs under the CWA—the
Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program and the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) stormwater permitting program. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) has recently developed a draft resource entitled TMDLs to Stormwater Permits Handbook
(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2008) to address challenges that are unique to TMDL
development and implementation involving permitted stormwater discharges. The Handbook
provides a reference for TMDL practitioners and stormwater permit writers on current
approaches for developing more detailed stormwater-source wasteloadallocations, coordinating
numeric wasteload allocations and NPDES stormwater permit requirements, and supporting
TMDL implementation with a better understanding of the process to analyze and select
stormwater best management practices (BMPs).
The Handbook contains information to give TMDL practitioners and stormwater permit writers a
better understanding of (1) cross-program regulatory requirements and programmatic processes;
(2) current efforts to establish better cross-program connections; and (3) opportunities to further
improve how the TMDL and NPDES stormwater programs interact to address stormwater-
related water quality impairments. Real-world examples illustrate concepts and approaches for
promoting improved implementation of TMDLs through stormwater permits. This paper will
discuss key information, case studies and approaches contained in theHandbook. In addition,
this paper will identify evolving issues and challenges as EPA and state TMDL practitioners and
stormwater permit writers consider and test new approaches and strategies in the future.
KEYWORDS
Total Maximum Daily Load Program (TMDL), impaired waters, section 303(d), stormwater,
water quality standards, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits,
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TMDL 2009
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