CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS
VOL. 36, 2014
A publication of
The Italian Association
of Chemical Engineering
www.aidic.it/cet
Guest Editors: Valerio Cozzani, Eddy de Rademaeker
Copyright © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.,
I SBN 978-88-95608-27-3; I SSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1436100
Please cite this article as: Shirani M., Demichela M., 2014, The qra as design criteria for safety management systems. an application to
the food safety, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 36, 595-600 DOI: 10.3303/CET1436100
The QRA as Design Criteria for Safety Management
Systems. An Application to the Food Safety
Mohsen Shirani*, Micaela Demichela
SAfeR, Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 – 10129
Torino, Italia
mohsen.shirani@polito.it
The paper shows how the hazard identification and evaluation phase of a Safety Management System
(SMS) is the design criteria for the whole SMS, with its procedures. In particular, the selection of risk
analysis methods and their results, in terms of frequency of occurrence and consequences magnitude, set
up the sizing criteria for the whole SMS.
The safety in a process plant relies, among other things, on the adopted managing criteria. They affect all
the plant life cycle: from plant design and construction, during the production activity, until its possible
dismissing. This clearly applies also to the food process plants.
The links between quantitative risk analysis steps and results and SMS procedure are discussed with
reference to the food SMS, according to ISO 22000 standard.
In conclusion, it is shown how a correct and careful risk analysis is necessary to design and implement a
SMS able to pursue the policy’s objectives allowing an effective revision of the policy itself.
1. Introduction
Failures in food supply chain can be dangerous and costly. 48 million food borne disease cases in United
State annually and 3,000 die (CDC, 2011), that in terms of monetary lost it ranges from $6.5 to $34.9
billion dollar annually.
ISO standards on food safety management systems aim to complement local and/or European regulatory
requirements and to assist in reducing weak links in the food supply chain, in order to minimize the risks
food related and the consequent losses.
The paper shows how the hazard identification and evaluation phase of a Food Safety Management
System (FSMS) is the design criteria for the whole SMS, with its procedures. In particular, the selection of
risk analysis methods and their results, in terms of frequency of occurrence.
The links between quantitative risk analysis steps and results and SMS procedure are shown and
discussed with reference to the food SMS, according to ISO 22000 standard, “ISO 22000:2005 Food
Safety Management Systems-Requirements for any Organization in the Food Chain”. (ISO, 2005).
In conclusion, it is shown how a correct and careful risk analysis is necessary to design and implement a
SMS able to pursue the policy’s objectives allowing an effective revision of the policy itself.
2. Food Safety and ISO 22000
The large number of food safety incidents in recent years and increasing the risk for public health has
resulted in increased requirement for food safety and protection globally. EU regulation in these regards
has evolved over the last 20 years in order to meet the growing demand of consumers within food safety.
Nevertheless, food safety standards represent significant differences around the world. These standards
are in both public level (i.e. Codex Alignments, regional countries, and individual nations) and private level
(firms and supply chain demands and customers requirement), which both have different level of
protections (Figure 1).
The confusion resulting from the proliferation of standards led the ISO to design a food safety
management system (FSMS) standard aimed at harmonizing those already existing designing the ISO
595