Research Article
Thickness Dependent Interlayer Magnetoresistance in
Multilayer Graphene Stacks
S. C. Bodepudi,
1
X. Wang,
2
A. P. Singh,
1
and S. Pramanik
1
1
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2V4
2
School of Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics, UESTC, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
Correspondence should be addressed to S. Pramanik; spramani@ualberta.ca
Received 21 February 2016; Accepted 21 June 2016
Academic Editor: Rakesh Joshi
Copyright © 2016 S. C. Bodepudi et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Chemical Vapor Deposition grown multilayer graphene (MLG) exhibits large out-of-plane magnetoresistance due to interlayer
magnetoresistance (ILMR) efect. It is essential to identify the factors that infuence this efect in order to explore its potential in
magnetic sensing and data storage applications. It has been demonstrated before that the ILMR efect is sensitive to the interlayer
coupling and the orientation of the magnetic feld with respect to the out-of-plane (-axis) direction. In this work, we investigate the
role of MLG thickness on ILMR efect. Our results show that the magnitude of ILMR efect increases with the number of graphene
layers in the MLG stack. Surprisingly, thicker devices exhibit feld induced resistance switching by a factor of at least ∼10
7
. Tis
efect persists even at room temperature and to our knowledge such large magnetoresistance values have not been reported before
in the literature at comparable felds and temperatures. In addition, an oscillatory MR efect is observed at higher feld values. A
physical explanation of this efect is presented, which is consistent with our experimental scenario.
Graphene, a single atomic layer of hexagonally arranged
carbon atoms, is one of the most investigated material systems
in recent years. Charge carriers in graphene behave like two-
dimensional (2D) Dirac fermions and exhibit various novel
phenomena that are generally not observed in conventional
materials [1–4]. It is interesting to note that many of the
efects that are observed in monolayer graphene have also
been reported in multilayer graphene (MLG) [5–9]. For
some of the applications, multilayer graphene can be a better
alternative due to its robustness and simpler fabrication steps
[8–11]. In recent years, much attention has been given to
multilayer graphene structures for next generation sensor
and data storage applications [8, 12–19]. In particular, var-
ious magnetoresistance (MR) efects have been extensively
explored in multilayer graphene due to their potential to
exist even at room temperature [14, 18–20]. However, many
of these efects are signifcant at very large magnetic felds
(∼100 kG) that are outside the range generally required for
practical applications [21, 22]. We recently demonstrated
a large negative MR in multilayer graphene at low-feld
range (∼2 kG) [16, 17], which ofen persists even at room
temperature. Te origin of this large negative MR is related
to the existence of 2D Dirac fermions in multilayer graphene.
In general, the linear energy dispersion of monolayer
graphene no longer exists in MLG (or, graphite) due to
strong interlayer coupling between neighboring graphene
layers [4, 23, 24]. However, in case of “turbostratic” MLG,
in which graphene layers are randomly oriented, interlayer
coupling is weakened and the massless Dirac fermion nature
of each graphene layer is preserved [25, 26]. Such turbostratic
MLG can be realized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
process using polycrystalline Ni as a catalyst [27, 28]. We
demonstrated previously [16, 17] that such a weakly coupled
MLG stack exhibits a unique quantum mechanical MR
efect, known as interlayer magnetoresistance (ILMR). To
further understand and explore potential applications based
on ILMR efect, it is important to identify the factors that
infuence this efect. In our present study we report efect of
MLG thickness on ILMR. Tickness of the MLG stack can
be varied by the CVD growth parameters. To our knowledge,
such thickness dependent ILMR studies have never been
performed in any multilayer Dirac carrier system.
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Journal of Nanomaterials
Volume 2016, Article ID 8163742, 10 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8163742